青岛市≥40岁健康体检人群食管癌及癌前病变筛查情况及影响因素分析

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2025.1093

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的对青岛市≥40岁健康体检人群的食管癌及癌前病变检出率进行分析,并探讨相关因素。方法选择2023年10月至2024年11月在康复大学青岛市中心医院进行健康体检的≥40岁人群作为研究对象。采用内镜检查联合组织病理活检对该人群进行筛查并进行问卷调查,采用描述性分析方法分析食管癌及癌前病变检出情况,并采用单、多因素分析方法分析其影响因素。结果本研究共对14 958名≥40岁健康体检者进行食管癌及癌前病变筛查,共检出异常病变者536例,病变检出率为3.58%。其中食管癌2例,占0.01%;低级别上皮内瘤变（LGIN）421例,占2.81%;高级别上皮内瘤变（HGIN）113例,占0.76%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,男性（OR=2.109）、年龄（OR=1.645）、饮酒史（OR=2.309）、经常吃腌制食品（OR=2.315）、经常吃热烫食物/饮品（OR=3.466）、消化系统疾病史（OR=2.205）、食管癌家族史（OR=3.564）及职业暴露（OR=2.868）是青岛市≥40岁健康体检人群食管癌及癌前病变的相关因素。结论青岛市≥40岁健康体检人群的食管癌现患率低,但LGIN和HGIN占比突出,潜在患癌风险人群不容忽视。男性、年龄、饮酒、常食腌制及热烫食物、消化系统病史、食管癌家族史、职业暴露等均是食管癌及癌前病变的相关因素。

关键词: 健康体检, 食管癌, 癌前病变, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the detection rate of esophageal cancer and its precancerous lesions within an asymptomatic health check-up population aged ≥40 years in Qingdao, and to investigate the associated risk factors. Methods This study enrolled individuals aged ≥40 years undergoing health examinations at the Qingdao Municipal Central Hospital of Kangfu University from October 2023 to November 2024. Participants were screened using endoscopy combined with histopathological biopsy and completed a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the detection rates of esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associated risk factors. Results A total of 14 958 individuals were screened. Pathological abnormalities were identified in 536 cases, corresponding to an overall detection rate of 3.58%. Among these, esophageal cancer was diagnosed in 2 cases (0.01%), low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) in 421 cases (2.81%), and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) in 113 cases (0.76%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that male gender (OR=2.109), advanced age (OR=1.645), history of alcohol consumption (OR=2.309), frequent consumption of pickled foods (OR=2.315), frequent consumption of excessively hot foods or beverages (OR=3.466), a history of digestive system diseases (OR=2.205), a family history of esophageal cancer (OR=3.564), and occupational exposure (OR=2.868) were significant risk factors for esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions in this population. Conclusions The prevalence of esophageal cancer among the asymptomatic population aged ≥40 years in Qingdao is low. However, the substantial proportion of LGIN and HGIN highlights a significant at-risk population that warrants attention. Male gender, advanced age, alcohol consumption, frequent intake of pickled and excessively hot foods, a history of digestive diseases, a family history of esophageal cancer, and occupational exposure are key determinants for the development of esophageal cancer and its precursor lesions.

Key words: Health examination, Esophageal cancer, Precancerous lesions, Risk factors

中图分类号:

R181.3

辛兆红, 刘燕, 李天一, 张晓华, 周洁. 青岛市≥40岁健康体检人群食管癌及癌前病变筛查情况及影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(10): 1093-1097.

XIN Zhaohong, LIU Yan, LI Tianyi, ZHANG Xiaohua, ZHOU Jie. Analysis of screening outcomes and associated risk factors for esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions in health examination population aged ≥ 40 years in Qingdao[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2025, 51(10): 1093-1097.

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