Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in coal mine workers. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory tests among coal mine workers undergoing annual health check-ups at the Occupational Disease Prevention Institute of West Mountain Coal and Electricity (Group) Co., Ltd. in 2023. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors influencing T2DM. Results A total of 16 261 coal mine workers were included, with a T2DM prevalence rate of 7.12%. The prevalence rate was 7.49% among male workers and 3.43% among female workers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥45 years (OR=2.12, 95% CI: 1.79-2.52), obesity (OR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.14-1.82), central obesity (OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.41-2.02), family history of diabetes (OR=3.47, 95% CI: 3.02-3.99), hypertension (OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.70-2.22), dyslipidemia (OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.45-1.91), other occupations (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.01-1.83), work tenure of 10-20 years (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.45), work tenure >20 years (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.19-1.76), and exposure to high temperatures (OR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.15-4.25) were positively associated with a higher risk of T2DM. Conversely, being female (OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.33-0.63), having a high school education (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.66-0.93), having a college or bachelor's degree or higher (OR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.97), and hyperuricemia (OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.43-0.59) were negatively associated with T2DM risk. Conclusions The prevalence of T2DM in coal mine workers is relatively low. Influencing factors include age, gender, education level, obesity, central obesity, family history of diabetes, hypertension, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, work tenure, and occupational exposure to high temperatures.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi, to investigate the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the development of myopia, and to provide a scientific basis for regional myopia prevention and control. Methods This cross-sectional study included 10 891 primary and secondary school students. Refractive status was measured using an automated refractometer, and demographic and behavioral data were collected through questionnaires. Results Among the 10, 891 students, the overall prevalence of myopia was 74.6%, with mild myopia accounting for 37.3% and high myopia for 1.8%. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors for myopia included older age (for each additional year, the risk increased by 21.4%, OR=1.214), female sex (risk increased by 38.0%, OR=1.380), parental myopia (if one parent was myopia, risk increased by 71.3%, OR=1.713; if both parents were myopia, risk increased by 108.5%, OR=2.085), reading or writing at a distance of <30 cm (occasional: risk increased by 52.2%, OR=1.522; frequent: risk increased by 134.2%, OR=2.342), poor reading posture (e.g., lying down while reading, risk increased by 20.1%, OR=1.201), and prolonged continuous reading (1-2 hours: risk increased by 15.7%, OR=1.157; >2 hours: risk increased by 27.9%, OR=1.279). Protective factors included being to other ethnic groups (risk decreased by 48.5%, OR=0.515), taking eye breaks after 1 hour of reading (risk decreased by 28.9%, OR=0.711), and engaging in more than 2 hours of outdoor activities per day (risk decreased by 15.1%, OR=0.849) (all P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi is associated with sex, age, ethnicity, behavioral habits, and genetic factors. Improving reading habits, increasing outdoor activities, and standardizing eye-use behavior may help slow the onset and progression of myopia.

Objective To analyze the hearing loss status among noise-exposed workers in the paper industry in Shenzhen and to explore the factors influencing hearing loss in this population, providing a theoretical basis for hearing protection occupational groups in the region. Methods Noise-exposed workers in the paper industry in Shenzhen who underwent occupational health examinations at Shenzhen Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital from January to December 2022 were enrolled. Pure-tone audiometry, physical examinations, and questionnaires were conducted. Descriptive analysis was used. Factors influencing high-frequency hearing loss were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Among the 4 875 noise-exposed workers in the paper industry, 1 779 cases (36.49%) showed abnormal hearing thresholds; 623 cases (12.78%) had abnormal average speech-frequency hearing thresholds; 712 cases (14.61%) exhibited high-frequency hearing loss in both ears. Occupational noise-induced hearing loss was identified in 138 cases (2.83%). The abnormal detection rate of hearing thresholds at all frequencies and the average speech frequency was significantly higher in the left ear than in the right ear (all P<0.01). Additionally, the abnormal detection rate of high-frequency hearing thresholds in both ears increased with higher frequencies (χ² trend=119.470、119.660, P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender (OR=3.380), age (OR=1.659-4.778), hypertension (OR=6.801), noise exposure duration (OR=3.031-16.643), alcohol consumption (OR=2.309), work schedule (two-shift OR=2.983, three-shift OR=3.781), job position (air compressor station OR=1.461), exposure to industrial dust (OR=1.782) and high-temperature exposure (OR=1.567) were all independent risk factors for high-frequency hearing loss among noise-exposed workers (P<0.05). Conclusions The hearing loss status among noise-exposed workers in the paper industry is concerning. Multiple factors contribute to hearing loss in this occupational group, with particular attention needed for older male workers with longer noise exposure duration and those in high-noise positions. Strengthen health protection and alcohol control education, and standardize work mechanisms and environments are essential to mitigate hearing damage.

Objective To investigate the association between urinary levels of six metals (aluminum, titanium, copper, zinc, molybdenum, and cadmium) and renal function decline in patients with diabetes and/or hypertension in Guangzhou, China. Methods In 2023, participants with diabetes, hypertension, or both were enrolled and grouped accordingly to their medical conditions (diabetes group, hypertension group, diabetes with hypertension group). Urinary metal concentrations were measured, and renal function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) derived from serum creatinine (Cr). Logistic regression and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression models were employed to evaluate associations between urinary metal levels and renal function decline (binary outcome). Results A total of 1 414 patients with diabetes and/or hypertension were surveyed in Guangzhou, with an average age of (63.7 ± 9.6) years. Among them, 558 were male (39.5%) and 856 were female (60.53%). Renal function decline was observed in 91 participants (6.9%). Median urinary metal concentrations were: aluminum (31.47 μg/L), titanium (103.25 μg/L), copper (9.23 μg/L), zinc (306.12 μg/L), molybdenum (48.44 μg/L), and cadmium (1.50 μg/L). Univariate logistic regression revealed significant associations between renal function decline and copper (OR=1.98), zinc (OR=1.45), and molybdenum (OR=1.41). After stratification, only copper was significantly correlated with decreased renal function (P<0.05). The WQS regression indicated a positive combined effect of the six metals on renal function decline (OR=1.39), with copper contributing the highest weight (61.0%). The RCS model demonstrated a V-shape between titanium levels and eGFR, and a negative correlation between copper levels and eGFR (P_non-linear<0.05). Conclusions This study revealed a close relationship between urinary copper levels and declining renal function in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Moreover, copper ions appear to cause more severe kidney damage in patients with diabetes than in those with hypertension or diabetes combined with hypertension.

Objective To explore the impact of the number of COVID-19 infections on the severity of symptoms and quality of life. Methods From November to December 2023, patients infected with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) were randomly selected through the Guangzhou 12320 Health Hotline platform. The quality of life and severity of the condition were assessed using the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test (CAT) score. The number of COVID-19 infections and symptom severity were analyzed, and logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the number of infections and CAT scores. Results Among the 2 809 COVID-19 patients, the average age was 37.10 ± 13.70 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.15:1. There were 1 184 cases (42.15%) with one infection, 1 248 cases (44.43%) with two infections, and 377 cases (13.42%) with three or more infections. Mild symptoms (CAT score≤20) were observed in 2 505 cases (89.18%), while severe symptoms (CAT score>20) were observed in 304 cases (10.82%). After adjusting for relevant factors using multivariate logistic regression, the results showed that two COVID-19 infections (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.07-1.86) and three or more infections (OR=2.39, 95% CI: 1.69-3.36) were risk factors for severe symptoms. Conclusions Repeated COVID-19 infections may significantly impact the severity of symptoms and quality of life in patients. Preventing reinfection with the COVID-19 is particularly important for the long-term health of residents.

Objective To assess the food safety of consuming Citrus grandis fructus immaturus. Methods The health risks associated with consuming citrus Citrus grandis immaturus were comprehensively analyzed by detecting and analyzing its active components, contaminants (such as heavy metals and pesticide residues), and microbial indicators, combined with its consumption history, population safety surveys, and toxicological safety evaluation results. Results The Citrus grandis fructus immaturus is rich in flavonoids such as naringin and rhofolin. The levels of heavy metals, pesticide residues, and microbial indicators in the tested samples all met the relevant regulatory limits. Toxicological safety tests showed that Citrus grandis fructus immaturus exhibited no acute toxicity, genetic toxicity, or subacute toxicity. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was determined to be 10.0 g/kg body weight (BW). Based on the consumption patterns of Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa' in 19 cities in Guangdong, Huazhou city in Maoming was selected as a typical consumption area for the survey. Citrus grandis fructus immaturus was primarily consumed indirectly through methods such as soaking in water, boiling, or cooking in soups. The average daily intake in the typical consumption area was 1.19 g/day. No adverse reactions related to its consumption were reported. Conclusion For adults (excluding pregnant women, lactating women, and individuals under 18 years old), the potential health risks of consuming immature Citrus grandis fructus immaturus are low when the daily intake does not exceed 6.0 g.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of ankyloglossia in infants aged 0-3 years in Jiading District, and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control of ankyloglossi. Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to randomly select three communities in Jiading District, Shanghai from June 2023 to January 2025, and infants aged 0-3 years were recruited as survey subjects for questionnaire survey and oral examination. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the prevalence of ankyloglossia, and univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the influencing factors of ankyloglossia in infants aged 0-3 years in Jiading District. Results A total of 1 110 infants aged 0-3 years were recruited in Jiading District, Shanghai, and 1 026 valid data were included. Among the 1 026 infants, there were 146 cases of ankyloglossia, including 66 cases of under 1 years old and 80 cases of 1-3 years old. The prevalence of ankyloglossia was 14.23% (146/1 026). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender (OR=1.514), a family history of ankyloglossia (OR=4.282), lack of folic acid supplementation during early pregnancy (OR=2.270), vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy (OR=1.452), and a history of smoking during pregnancy (OR=1.897) were the influencing factors for ankyloglossia in infants aged 0-3 years in Jiading District (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of ankyloglossia in infants aged 0-3 years in Jiading District is concerning. Factors influencing the occurrence of ankyloglossia include male gender, a family history of the condition, lack of folic acid supplementation during early pregnancy, vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, and a history of smoking during pregnancy. It is recommended that interventions be implemented promptly in Jiading District to reduce the prevalence of ankyloglossia in infants.

Objective To investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and fall risk in Chinese elderly individuals and to analyze potential gender differences. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Individuals aged ≥60 years who participated in the 2011, 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020 surveys were selected. Based on the 2019 Asian Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sarcopenia, elderly individuals were categorized into four groups: no sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the cumulative incidence risk of falls across different sarcopenia statuses. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between sarcopenia and fall risk, and subgroup analyses were performed to assess gender differences. Results A total of 3 290 older adults ≥60 years of age were enrolled. During the 9-year follow-up, 1 665 (50.6%) experienced at least one fall. The fall incidence rates for the no sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia groups were 44.7%, 52.8%, 57.5%, and 71.4%, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that compared to the no sarcopenia group, the possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia groups had increased fall risks, with HRs (95% CI) of 1.17 (1.04-1.31), 1.27 (1.06-1.53), and 1.62 (1.25-2.10), respectively. Subgroup analysis by gender revealed a significant association between sarcopenia and fall risk in males (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while no significant association was observed in females (P>0.05). Conclusion Sarcopenia is significantly associated with fall risk in Chinese elderly individuals, with a more pronounced association in males.

Objective To analyze the current status of quality of life and its influencing factors among adolescents with bronchial asthma in Qinhuangdao. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select adolescents with bronchial asthma who visited a hospital in Qinhuangdao between January 2022 and April 2024. Quality of life was assessed using the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ), and descriptive analysis was performed on the survey results. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influencing quality of life in these adolescents. Results A total of 472 adolescents with bronchial asthma were included. The mean PAQLQ score was (126.25±13.24), with subscale scores of (49.47±5.12) (symptoms), (29.12±3.25) (activities), and (47.66±5.06) (emotions). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that school absenteeism (β'=0.658), caregiver smoking history (β'=0.428), family history of asthma (β'=0.577), asthma control status (β'=0.512), medication adherence (β'=0.561), anxiety (β'=-0.628), depression (β'=-0.678), and social support (β'=0.362) were independent influencing factors of quality of life (all P<0.01). Conclusions Adolescents with bronchial asthma in Qinhuangdao have poor quality of life, influenced by factors such as school absenteeism, caregiver smoking, family history of asthma, asthma control, medication adherence, anxiety, depression, and social support. Targeted assessments and interventions based on these factors are recommended to improve their quality of life.