Abstract: Objective To observe the occurrence of school violence in elementary schools and explore its influencing factors at individual and school levels.Methods Pupils of grades 4 to 6 were selected from 14 public elementary schools and 6 elementary schools for children of peasant-workers in Baoan District, Shenzhen City with stratified-cluster sampling method for investigation of the school violence incidents within one year and the related influential factors.Multilevel logistic regression model was used to determine the influencing factors at pupil level and school level.Results A total of 5 834 pupils were surveyed (3 281 boys and 2 553 girls).Their age was(11.49±1.17)yeas (mean±SD ).Numbers of pupils from the public schools and schools for children of peasant-workers were 4 234 (72.60%) and 1 600 (27.40%), respectively.The incidence rate of school violence was 72.51%(4 230/5 834).Of the violence types, the incidence rates of psychological violence and physical violence were 71.94% (4 197/5 834) and 44.31% (2 585/5 834), respectively.The incidence rates of violence occurred in public schools, schools for children of peasant-workers, boys, and girls were 76.10%（3 220/4 234）, 63.10%（1 010/1 600），75.59%（2 480/3 281), and 68.55%（1 750/2 553), respectively.Risk factors of violence behavior were associated with public schools (OR=2.20), lack of health education (OR=1.73), male (OR=1.27), ordinary academic records (OR=1.29), playing network games (OR=1.93), parents quarreling in front of children (OR=1.56), and child maltreatment (OR=1 60). Conclusion Violence in elementary school pupils was widespread in Baoan District, Shenzhen; relevant departments of the schools should take measures to prevent the occurrence of school violence by minimizing some risk factors.