广州市番禺区城乡结合地区居民生存质量分析

doi:10. 13217/j. scjpm. 2019. 0237

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解城乡结合部常住居民的生存质量现状及影响因素,有针对性地开展健康教育,为提高其生存质量提供参考依据。方法以广州市番禺区城乡结合地区常住居民为调查对象,2018年采用多阶段抽样的方法进行抽样,以问卷调查的方式,收集其社会人口学资料和SF-36量表测评得分。采用描述流行病学分析方法对结果进行描述。结果本研究共收集有效问卷510份,有效率为94.45%。96.5%（492/510）调查对象为本地户籍常住居民;以女性为主,占63.3%（323/510）。16~44、45~59、≥60岁分别占36.0%、26.6%、37.4%;文化程度以大专/本科及以上为主,占42.2%。总体健康得分为（70 ± 15）分,生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、生命活力得分分别为（90 ± 15）、（87 ± 28）、（90 ± 16）、（81 ± 16）分,社会功能、情感职能、心理健康得分分别为（85 ± 20）、（90 ± 26）、（81 ± 16）分。多因素分析结果显示,与男性相比,女性居民的生理功能得分高的可能性更低（OR=0.46）;年龄越小,生理功能高分可能性大（OR=2.39、4.09）;与企业单位人员相比,事业单位人员生理功能和情感职能高分可能性大（OR=2.60、2.66）;与患慢性疾病居民相比,无慢性疾病的居民生理功能高分可能性大（OR=2.34）;与大专/本科及以上居民相比,初中及以下文化程度居民生理职能高分可能性低（OR=0.30、0.40）;与大专/本科及以上居民相比,高中及以下文化程度居民躯体疼痛高分可能性低（OR=0.29、0.23、0.27）,与患慢性疾病居民相比,无慢性疾病的居民躯体疼痛和总体健康高分可能性大（OR=1.58、2.50）;与企业单位人员相比,农民和工人的心理健康得分更低（OR=0.49、0.55）;与大专/本科及以上居民相比,初中文化程度居民总体健康高分可能性低（OR=0.34）。结论广州市番禺区城乡结合地区居民生存质量偏低,男性、高文化程度以及事业单位人员职业的居民生存质量较高;年龄越大、职业为企业单位以及患有慢性疾病的居民区存质量较差。

关键词: 生存质量, 问卷调查, 城乡结合, 居民

Abstract: Objective To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of the quality of life （QOL） of residents living in urban-rural integration so as to provide reference for health education and improve their QOL. Methods Residents living in urban-rural continuum in Panyu District, Guangzhou were selected by the multi-stage sampling method in 2018. The social demographic data and the SF-36 scale evaluation score were collected by questionnaire. The results are described using a descriptive epidemiological analysis method. Results A total of 510 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 94.45%. Of the respondents, 96.5% （492/510） were permanent residents with local household registration and 63.3% （323/510） were female. 36.0%, 26.6%, and 37.4% of the participants were aged 16-44, 45-59 and ≥60 years, respectively; 42.2% had the education levels at college/undergraduate or above. The general health （GH） score was （70 ± 15）. The scores of physiological functioning （PF）, role-physical（RP）, bodily pain （BP）, and vitality （VT） were （90 ± 15）, （87 ± 28）, （90 ± 16）, and （81±16）; the scores of social functioning （SF）, role-emotional （RE）, and mental health （MH） were （85 ± 20）, （90 ± 26）, and （81 ± 16）, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that female residents had a lower probability of having higher PF scores than men （OR=0.46）; the younger the age, the higher the RP scores （OR=2.39, 4.09）; compared with employees in enterprises, employees in public institutions had higher PF and RE scores （OR=2.60, 2.66）.Residents without chronic diseases scored higher on PF than those with chronic diseases （OR=2.34）. Compared with junior college/undergraduand and above, the residents with educational levels in junior high school and below had lower scores of RP （OR=0.30,0.40）, the residents with high school or below had lower scores of RP （OR=0.29, 0.23,0.27）, and the residents with educational levels at junior high school had lower scores of GH （OR=0.34）.Compared with residents with chronic diseases, the residents without chronic diseases scored higher in BP and GH （OR=1.58,2.50）.Compared with employees in enterprises, farmers and workers had lower MH scores （OR=0.49,0.55）.Conclusion The QOL of residents in urban-rural continuum in Panyu District, Guangzhou City was low. The QOL of male residents, and residents with higher education levels and jobs in public institutions was higher. The older age, working in enterprises and chronic diseases had adverse effects on QOL.

Key words: Quality of life, Questionnaire survey, Urban-rural continuum, Resident

中图分类号:

R193.3

丘志坚, 邱宗耀, 陈瑞华, 高宏熙, 方桦, 陈路强, 汤捷. 广州市番禺区城乡结合地区居民生存质量分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2019, 45(3): 237-241.

QIU Zhi-jian, QIU Zong-yao, CHEN Rui-hua, GAO Hong-xi, FANG Hua, CHEN Lu-qiang, TANG Jie. Quality of life of residents in urban-rural continuum of Panyu District, Guangzhou[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 45(3): 237-241.

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