关键词: 儿童, 哮喘, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To determine factors influencing asthma in children aged 5-14 years in Baoding, so as to provide evidence for preventing the occurrence or recurrence of asthma. Method sChildren aged 5-14 years with asthma admitted to the departments of internal medicine, pediatrics, and emergency of three national asthma sentinel surveillance hospitals in Baoding City in 2018 were selected as the case group. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select healthy children aged 5-14 years without definite diagnosis of asthma as a control group. A questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of two groups of children, including gender, age, place of residence,breastfeeding time, low birth weight （<2 500 g）, excess nutrients （BMI>24）, family history of asthma, family monthly income, mother's educational level, inhalation of allergens （dust mites, molds, etc.）, food allergy （milk, egg, fish, shrimp, etc.）. The factors influencing asthma were analyzed by multivariate logistic regressions. Result In 2018, 253 children with asthma aged 5 - 14 years who met the inclusion criteria of this study were selected in three national asthma sentinel surveillance hospitals in Baoding City were collected. In the control group, 1 300 healthy children aged 5 - 14 years were selected. The gender ratio of the boys and girls in both the case and control groups was 1∶0.85. There were significant differences between the two groups in the place of residence, breastfeeding time, low birth weight, overnutrition, family history of asthma, family monthly income, maternal education, dust mites allergy, and mold allergy （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. There was no significant difference in the distribution of gender and food allergy history （milk, eggs, fish and shrimp, etc.） （P>0.05 for all）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the residence in rural area （OR=18.229）, family history of asthma （OR=9.098）, low birth weight （OR=9.545） and overnutrition （OR=8.457） were risk factors of asthma; while the older age （OR = 0.154） and breastfeeding time > 6 months （OR = 0.142） were protective factors for asthma. Conclusion Age, place of residence, family history of asthma, breastfeeding time, low birth weight and overnutrition were factors influencing asthma in children in Baoding. It is recommended to take appropriate measures to reduce the risk of asthma in children.

Key words: Child, Asthma, Influencing factor