产妇产后初次泌乳时间及相关因素调查

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2021.1506

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的调查产妇产后初次泌乳时间及相关因素,为产妇产后泌乳指导工作提供参考资料。方法以2020年1—12月在重庆市大足区2家医院住院分娩的产妇为研究对象进行问卷调查,收集产妇基本情况及喂养相关因素,并对产妇初次泌乳时间进行随访跟踪调查。采用描述流行病学分析方法对产妇产后初次泌乳时间进行分析,并采用单、多因素方法分析产妇产后初次泌乳时间的影响因素。结果共671名产妇纳入研究,年龄21~43岁,平均（31.6±2.9）岁,其中初产妇438人,经产妇233人;胎数单胎642人,双胎29人;分娩方式阴道分娩512人,剖宫产159人。产后初次泌乳时间<24 h 329人、24~<48 h 176人、48~<72 h 105人、≥72 h 61人,分别占49.03%、26.23%、15.65%、9.09%。有序多分类Logistic回归分析显示年龄≥35岁（OR=1.895）、经产（OR=0.689）、分娩孕周≥37周（OR=0.498）、分娩方式为剖宫产（OR=1.637）、乳头凹陷/扁平（OR=2.565）、母婴同室（OR=0.520）、首次吸吮乳房时间≥30 min（OR=2.787）、每天吸吮乳房次数越多（OR=0.845）是产后初次泌乳时间的影响因素。结论重庆市大足区产妇产后初次泌乳时间以<24 h所占比例较大,初次泌乳时间受到年龄、产次、分娩孕周、分娩方式、乳头凹陷/扁平、母婴同室、首次吸吮乳房时间、每天吸吮乳房次数多种因素影响,应当加强孕前、产前教育,鼓励阴道分娩,产后早接触、早吸吮、多吸吮促进泌乳,提高母乳喂养率,促进母婴健康。

关键词: 产妇, 产后, 泌乳, 母乳喂养, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the first lactation time and related factors of parturients, so as to provide reference for postpartum lactation guidance. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on parturients who were hospitalized and delivered in two hospitals in Dazu District of Chongqing from January to December 2020. The basic situation and feeding related factors of parturients were collected, and the first lactation time of parturients was followed up. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the time of postpartum first lactation, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of postpartum first lactation time. Results A total of 671 parturients were included in the study, aged 21-43 years old, with an average of （31.6±2.9） years old. Among them, 438 were primipara and 233 were multipara; 642 were single births and 29 were twins; 512 were vaginal deliveries and 159 were cesarean deliveries. There were 329, 176, 105 and 61 parturients （49.03%, 26.23%, 15.65% and 9.09% respectively） had the first lactation time < 24 h, 24 - <48 h, 48- <72 h and ≥72 h. Ordered multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥35 years old （OR=1.895）, multiparity （OR=0.689）, gestational week of delivery≥ 37 weeks （OR=0.498）, cesarean section （OR=1.637）, sunken/flat nipples （OR=2.565）, mother and baby in the same room （OR=0.520）, the first breast sucking time ≥30 min （OR=2.787）, and the more times of sucking breasts per day （OR=0.845） were the influencing factors of the first lactation time of parturients. Conclusion The proportion of postpartum first lactation time < 24 h in Dazu District of Chongqing is large. The first lactation time is affected by age, parity, gestational week of delivery, delivery method, sunken/flat nipples, the same room with mother and baby, the time of first breast sucking and times of sucking breasts per day. Pre-pregnancy and prenatal education should be strengthened to encourage vaginal delivery, early postpartum contact, early sucking, and more sucking, promote lactation and increase breastfeeding rate, and then promote maternal and infant health.

Key words: Parturient, Postpartum, Lactation, Breast feeding, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R174+.4

骆琴, 彭树花, 骆佳美. 产妇产后初次泌乳时间及相关因素调查[J]. 华南预防医学, 2021, 47(12): 1506-1509.

LUO Qin, PENG Shu-hua, LUO Jia-mei. Investigation on the first lactation time and related factors of parturients[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2021, 47(12): 1506-1509.

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