重庆市6月龄婴儿喂养现状及母乳喂养影响因素研究

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2022.0037

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的调查重庆市大足区6月龄婴儿母乳喂养行为现状及其影响因素。方法将重庆市大足区所有社区预防接种点进行编码,然后按照东、南、西、北分为4个地区,在每个地区随机选取1个社区预防接种点作为调查地点,采用偶遇法在调查时间段内对进入预防接种点的6月龄婴儿母亲进行婴儿喂养情况及母乳喂养相关因素的问卷调查,采用描述流行病学分析方法对婴儿喂养现状进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对母乳喂养行为影响因素进行分析。结果本研究共对1 344名6月龄婴儿母亲进行调查,年龄23~46岁,其中≥35岁者占23.21%,1个月时母乳喂养率、混合喂养率、人工喂养率分别为77.68%、15.63%、6.70%,2个月时分别为71.43%、20.54%、8.04%,4个月时分别为63.84%、25.89%、10.27%,6个月时分别为53.57%、28.57%、17.86%,不同时间段的婴儿喂养方式差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。非条件多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,产后开奶时间≥2 h（OR=0.638）的调查对象母乳喂养可能性较低,乳汁分泌量充足（OR=2.418）、接受过产前母乳喂养指导（OR=1.621）、有母乳喂养信心（OR=1.461）及母乳喂养认知水平高（OR=1.733）的调查对象母乳喂养可能性较高。结论重庆市大足区6月龄婴儿母乳喂养行为率较低。且随着时间推移母乳喂养率逐渐下降。产后早开奶、乳汁分泌量充足、接受过产前母乳喂养指导、有母乳喂养信心及母乳喂养认知水平高有助于促进母乳喂养的实施。

关键词: 婴儿, 喂养现状, 母乳喂养, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of breastfeeding behavior of 6-month-old infants in Dazu District, Chongqing. Methods All community vaccination sites in Dazu District of Chongqing were coded, and then divided into four regions according to the East, South, West and North. One community vaccination site was randomly selected in each region as the survey site. The mothers of 6-month-old infants who entered the vaccination site were investigated by chance method during the survey period. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the status of infant feeding, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of breastfeeding. Results In this study, a total of 1 344 mothers of 6-month-old infants were surveyed, aged 23-46 years old, among which 23.21% were ≥35 years old. The breastfeeding rate, mixed feeding rate and artificial feeding rate were 77.68%, 15.63% and 6.70% respectively at the age of 1 month, 71.43%, 20.54% and 8.04% respectively at the age of 2 months, 63.84%, 25.89% and 10.27% at the age of 4 months and 53.57%, 28.57% and 17.86% respectively at the age of 6 months. There was significant difference in feeding patterns among infants of different months （P<0.01）. Unconditional multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that mothers with postpartum milk opening time ≥ 2 h （OR=0.638） were less likely to breastfeed, and mothers with sufficient milk secretion （OR=2.418）, prenatal breastfeeding guidance （OR=1.621）, confidence in breastfeeding （OR=1.461） and high cognitive level of breastfeeding （OR=1.733） were more likely to breastfeed. Conclusion The breastfeeding rate of 6-month-old infants in Dazu District of Chongqing is low. With the increase of month age, the breastfeeding rate decreased gradually. Early postpartum milk opening, sufficient milk secretion, prenatal breastfeeding guidance, breastfeeding confidence and high cognitive level of breastfeeding are helpful to promote the implementation of breastfeeding.

Key words: Infant, Feeding status, Breastfeeding, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R174

徐德平, 余玉琼. 重庆市6月龄婴儿喂养现状及母乳喂养影响因素研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2022, 48(1): 37-40.

XU De-ping, YU Yu-qiong. Feeding status of 6-month-old infants and the influencing factors of breastfeeding in Chongqing[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 48(1): 37-40.

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