关键词: HIV, 职业暴露, 暴露后预防, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the occupational exposure on HIV in Guangzhou to provide a basis for strengthening the prevention of HIV occupational exposure. Methods Collected and analyzed the HIV occupational exposure cases reported in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2020, including the basic information, exposure mode, exposure grade, exposure source infection, post-exposure emergency treatment, post-exposure preventive medication time, and HIV antibody detection of the exposed person. Results From 2014 to 2020, 455 cases of HIV occupational exposure were reported in Guangzhou. Medical staff accounted for 86.8% （395/455）, sharp instrument injury accounted for 54.3% （247/455）, grade II exposure accounted for 63.3% （288/455）, correct emergency treatments after exposure accounted for 93.8% （427/455）, taking preventive medicine within 2 hours after HIV exposure accounted for 35.4% （161/455）. The proportion of prophylactic drugs in medical staff within 2 hours after exposure was higher than that in police personnel （P<0.01）. The constituent ratios of male, sharp instrument injury, skin / mucosal contact exposure, grade I exposure, mild exposure source, intensive drug regimen, taking preventive medicine within 2 hours and 2-24 hours showed an upward trend （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The constituent ratio of infectious disease hospital, grade II exposure, and preventive medication for more than 24 hours showed a downward trend （all P<0.01）. The cases exposed in infectious disease hospitals were more inclined to early preventive medication （OR=0.305）; The time of preventive medication was later in cases with unknown exposure source （OR=2.713）. Conclusion We should focus on improving the protection awareness and skills of medical staff and front-line police personnel and increasing the convenience of preventive medication after exposure. At the same time, we should strengthen the detection of exposure sources to reduce the impact on the timeliness of preventive medication.

Key words: HIV, Occupational exposure, Post-exposure prophylaxis, Influencing factor