四川省儿童青少年近视现状及其影响因素研究

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2023.0407

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解四川省儿童青少年近视现状,并探讨其相关影响因素。方法选取四川省21个市（州）168个区（县）内的学校为监测点,以整班为单位,每个学校每年级至少抽取80名学生进行视力筛查,小学四年级及以上学生需进行问卷调查。采用Logistic回归分析方法研究近视影响因素。结果共286 472名儿童青少年纳入研究,小学生占44.99%,初、高中生占48.69%;儿童青少年近视率为51.42%（147 305/286 472）,并随学段增长而增高。女生（OR=1.329）、地区经济水平差（OR=1.092）、高学段（OR=2.168、2.826）、调换座位频率≥1次/月（OR=1.297、1.305、1.319）、过去1周平均每天家庭作业时长≥1 h（OR=1.106、1.254、1.346）、过去1周使用移动电子设备（OR=1.094）、经常或偶尔在阳光直射下看书或电子屏幕（OR=1.184、1.082）、经常或偶尔躺着或趴着看书或电子屏幕（OR=1.211、1.107）、父母双方或一方近视（OR=2.375、1.890）为儿童青少年近视的危险因素。地区经济水平中等（OR=0.842）、非汉族（OR=0.580）、根据身高调整课桌椅高度频率≥1次/年（OR=0.926、0.936、0.909）、每日眼保健操≥2次（OR=0.914、0.857）、课间休息在户外活动（OR=0.755）、过去1周每天看电视（OR=0.968、0.906、0.893、0.827、0.762）为儿童青少年近视的保护因素。结论四川省儿童青少年近视率略低于全国水平,且随着学段增长而上升趋势明显,需加强近视监测与干预工作,尤其关注学龄前儿童和女生近视问题。

关键词: 儿童, 青少年, 近视, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the status of myopia of children and adolescents in Sichuan Province, and to explore its related factors. Methods Schools in 168 districts （counties） in 21 cities （prefections） of Sichuan Province were selected as monitoring sites. At least 80 students from each school in each grade were selected for visual screening. Students in grade 4 and above of primary schools were required to conduct a questionnaire survey. The influencing factors of myopia were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 286 472 children and adolescents were included in the study, with primary school students accounting for 44.99% and middle and high school students accounting for 48.69%. The incidence of myopia in children and adolescents was 51.42% （147 305/286 472）, and increased with the length of the grade. Girl （OR=1.329）, economically disadvantaged areas （OR=1.092）, senior grade （OR=2.168, 2.826）, seat change frequency ≥1/month （OR=1.297, 1.305, 1.319）, the average daily homework time in the past week ≥1 h （OR=1.106, 1.254, 1.346）, use of mobile electronic devices in the past week （OR=1.094）, frequent or occasional reading the electronic screen in direct sunlight （OR=1.184, 1.082）, frequent or occasionally reading a book or electronic screen lying down or on the stomach （OR=1.211, 1.107）, and both parents or one myopia （OR=2.375, 1.890） were risk factors for myopia in children and adolescents. Regional economy medium （OR=0.842）, the non‐Han nationality （OR=0.580）, frequency of adjusting the height of desks and chairs ≥1 time per year （OR=0.926, 0.936, 0.909）, daily eye exercises ≥2 times （OR=0.914, 0.857）, outdoor activities during recess （OR=0.755）, watching TV every day in the past week （OR=0.968, 0.906, 0.893, 0.827, 0.762） were protective factors for myopia in children and adolescents. Conclusions The incidence of myopia in children and adolescents in Sichuan Province is slightly lower than the national level but increases obviously with the increase of grade. It is necessary to strengthen myopia monitoring and intervention, especially in preschool children and girls.

Key words: Children, Adolescents, Myopia, Influence factors

中图分类号:

R179

周亮, 师春立, 陈剑宇. 四川省儿童青少年近视现状及其影响因素研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2023, 49(4): 407-411.

ZHOU liang, SHI Chunli, CHEN Jianyu. Status and influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents in Sichuan Province[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2023, 49(4): 407-411.

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