Abstract: Objective To investigate the current prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in the Jiefang District of Jiaozuo City, analyze associated risk factors, and provide empirical evidence to inform the development of targeted prevention and control strategies. Methods From January to October 2024, a randomized cluster sampling method was adopted to select students from 26 schools in Jiefang District, including 17 primary schools, 6 junior high schools, 2 senior high schools, and 1 vocational high school. Overweight and obesity were screened among enrolled students, and a supplementary questionnaire survey was administered. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, while both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify determinants of overweight and obesity. Results Of the 32 748 students initially surveyed, 32 289 provided valid responses and were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 36.30% (11 721/32 289). Multivariate logistic regression identified several significant factors associated with overweight and obesity, including maternal overweight and obesity prior to pregnancy (OR=1.758), excessive maternal gestational weight gain (OR=1.422), not consuming breakfast daily (OR=2.818), frequent consumption of high-fat or high-sugar foods (OR=3.176), family members using high-fat or high-sugar foods as rewards (OR=4.255), and full compliance with the recommended 24-hour physical activity guidelines (OR=0.410) (all P<0.05). Conclusion sThe prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Jiefang District is alarmingly high. Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity and excessive gestational weight gain, irregular breakfast consumption, frequent intake of high-fat or high-sugar foods, and the use of such foods as familial rewards are strongly correlated with increased risk of overweight and obesity among students. Conversely, students who fully adhere to 24-hour physical activity recommendations exhibit a significantly lower risk. It is recommended that intervention efforts begin with maternal health management during pregnancy, coupled with intensified health education focused on balanced diets and regular physical activity, so as to optimize students' dietary habits and activity patterns, reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity, and safeguard students' healthy development.

Key words: Primary and secondary school students, Children, Adolescents, Overweight, Obesity, Influencing factors