Abstract: Objective To assess the impact of heat wave on non-accidental mortality in Jinan. Methods Mortality data, meteorological data and air pollution index data were collected during the period from June to August of 2009, 2010, and 2012 in Jinan. A time-stratified case-crossover study was used to assess the effects of heat wave on non-accidental death and deaths due to the main cause-specific circulatory diseases and their subtypes of acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory disease, and tumors of residents on different lag days in the city. Results A total of 16 427 non-accidental deaths were recorded during the 276 study days, of which 14 121 deaths were in 242 non-heat wave days and 2 306 deaths were in 34 heat wave days. Significant impacts of heat wave on non-accidental mortality, mortalities of circulatory diseases ,respiratory diseases, cerebrovascular disease, and acute myocardial infarction were observed among the local residents and significant delayed effects were observed on day 2, day 2, day 1, day 2 and day 4 for non-accidental deaths and other deaths, respectively. No significant effect was found for mortality from tumors. After controlling for the holidays, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity and average pollution index, the factor analysis OR values of heat wave and non-accidental mortality, mortality of circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases, cerebrovascular disease, and acute myocardial infarction were 1.44,1.70,1.87,1.56 and 1.60. Conclusion This study suggests that heat wave may be a risk factor for the health of residents in Jinan. Heat wave had large impact on respiratory disease, followed by circulatory diseases. Relevant authorities should take corresponding measures to reduce health hazard in accordance with meteorological characteristics in Jinan.