关键词: Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律, ABO血型, Rh血型, 基因频率, 血型库

Abstract: Objective To study the distribution characteristics of ABO blood group and Rh blood group in voluntary blood donors in Ji’nan area, and to analyze their ABO and Rh antigen phenotypes and gene frequencies, whether they conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law or not. Methods ABO blood group and Rh blood group were detected in 282 413 blood donation samples collected from Shandong Blood Center by blood group serological method, and Chi-square test was carried out by blood group population genetics research method. Results From 2015 to 2017, the ABO phenotypic distribution of 282 413 voluntary blood donors was B>O>A>AB, ABO gene frequency was r>q>p, the expected and observed values were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law. There were no significant differences in ABO blood group distribution among different genders, Han and ethnic minorities （both P>0.05）. Between ABO blood group of Rh（+） and Rh（-）, Rh（-） blood group of Han nationality and phenotype of ABO blood group, the phenotype of Rh（-） blood group and phenotype of ABO blood group, there were no significant differences in the distribution（all P>0.05）. A total of 1 802 cases of Rh（-） were confirmed, accounting for 0.64% （including ethnic minorities and repeated blood donors）. The most common manifestations were ccdee>Ccdee>ccdEe>CCdee>CcdEe>ccdEE>CCdEe, had the highest haplotype frequency cde. Among which 266 498 cases were Han nationality, 1 015 cases were Rh（-）, accounting for 0.38%; The distribution of RhD antigen in ABO blood group system was B>O>A>AB. The distribution of Rh blood group phenotype accords with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law. Conclusion Ji'nan ABO group and Rh group with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law, no correlation between the two, are two different independent genetic blood group system.

Key words: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law, ABO blood group, Rh blood group, Gene frequency, Blood bank