自贡市6~18岁中小学生视力不良现状调查

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2021.0972

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解自贡市6~18岁中小学生视力不良现状,为制定针对性防控措施提供参考信息。方法采用分层整群抽样方法在自贡市2个城区和1个乡镇各抽取3所小学、4所中学（初中2所,普通高中和职业高中各1所）,对抽中学校的所有中小学生进行视力检查和问卷调查,采用描述流行病学方法对中小学生视力不良情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对视力不良影响因素进行分析。结果共对11 992名自贡市中小学生进行调查,年龄6~18岁,男女性别比为1.12∶1。中小学生视力不良检出6 715例,检出率为55.99%。多因素分析结果显示,睡眠时间<8 h/d（OR=2.757）、年龄越大（OR=2.654）、城市生源（OR=3.152）、使用电子设备时间≥2 h/d（OR=3.062）的中小学生发生视力不良的风险较高,学校每年组织视力筛查（OR=0.389）、体育锻炼时间1~2 h/d（OR=0.614）、学校每年开展视力保护宣传活动（OR=0.407）的中小学生视力不良的发生风险较小。结论自贡市6~18岁中小学生视力不良检出率较高,主要与年龄、所在地、睡眠时间、体育锻炼时间、学校每年组织视力筛查、使用电子设备、学校每年开展视力保护宣传活动等有关,建议学校及相关部门重视,采取措施保障中小学生视力健康发育。

关键词: 中小学生, 视力不良, 用眼行为, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation of poor vision in primary and middle school students aged 6-18 in Zigong City, so as to provide reference information for formulating targeted prevention and control measures. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to sample 3 primary schools and 4 middle schools （including 2 junior high schools, 1 general senior high school and 1 vocational high school） in each of 2 urban areas and 1 township in Zigong City. All primary and middle school students in the selected schools were examined for vision and investigated by questionnaire. The poor vision of primary and middle school students was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis method, and its influencing factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results A total of 11 992 primary and middle school students in Zigong City were surveyed, aged 6-18 years, with a male-female ratio of 1.12∶1. Among them, 6 715 cases of poor vision were detected, with a detection rate of 55.99%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that sleep time <8 h/d （OR=2.757）, older age （OR=2.654）, urban students （OR=3.152）, using electronic equipment ≥2 h/d （OR=3.062）, the risk of poor vision in primary and middle school students was higher. The school organized vision screening every year （OR=0.389）, physical exercise time was 1-2 h/d （OR=0.614）, and the school organized vision protection publicity activities every year （OR=0.407）, the risk of poor vision in primary and middle school students was relatively low. Conclusion The detection rate of poor vision among primary and middle school students aged 6-18 in Zigong is high, which is mainly related to age, location, sleep time, physical exercise time, the annual vision screening organized by the school, the use of electronic equipment, the annual vision protection publicity activities carried out by the school, etc. It is suggested that the school and relevant departments should pay attention to it, and take measures to ensure the healthy development of vision of primary and middle school students.

Key words: Primary and middle school students, Poor vision, Eye behavior, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R179

刘晓, 张宏艳, 李爽乐. 自贡市6~18岁中小学生视力不良现状调查[J]. 华南预防医学, 2021, 47(8): 972-975.

LIU Xiao, ZHANG Hong-yan, LI Shuang-le. Investigation on poor vision of primary and middle school students aged 6-18 in Zigong[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2021, 47(8): 972-975.

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