关键词: 脑卒中, 高危人群, 生活方式, 饮食习惯, 健康促进

Abstract: Objective To investigate the general information, health promotion behavior in lifestyle and dietary habits among high-risk population of stroke in Wuhan community, so as to formulate relevant intervention measures and medical suggestions. Methods From June to December 2020, a community with a resident population ≥ 5 000 was randomly selected from 13 boroughs of Wuhan by cluster sampling method. The permanent residents aged ≥ 40 years in the community were screened for high-risk of stroke, and the health promotion behavior of the residents who were assessed as high-risk population of stroke were investigated by questionnaire. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the survey results. Results A total of 2 315 permanent residents aged ≥ 40 years in Wuhan community were screened for stroke, and 239 high-risk population were screened, accounting for 10.32%. There were 183 cases had ≥ 3 risk factors, and the screening ratios for 8 risk factors were as follows： 122 cases of lack of exercise （66.67%）, 118 cases with dyslipidemia （64.48%）, 106 cases with overweight or obesity （57.92%）, 103 cases with hypertension （56.28%）, 74 cases had family history of stroke （40.44%）, 66 cases had history of smoking （36.07%）, 34 cases with diabetes （18.58%）, 5 cases of atrial fibrillation or valvular heart disease （2.73%）. The high-risk population meeting the history of previous transient ischemic attack （TIA）/stroke was 56 cases, including 49 cases of previous stroke （87.50%） and 7 cases of previous TIA （12.50%）. There were statistically significant differences in the health promoting lifestyle profile-Ⅱ （HPLP Ⅱ） scores among high-risk population of stroke in different age, marital status, occupation, economic status （monthly income） and medical insurance type （all P < 0.01）. The total score of HPLP Ⅱ was （116.01 ± 18.13）, the level of lifestyle and dietary habits were poor, and the score rate of each dimension from high to low was interpersonal relationship（64.42%）, nutrition（59.28%）, stress management（58.08%）, health responsibility（53.14%）, self-actualization（57.13%） and physical activity（47.70%）. Conclusion The life style and dietary habits of the high-risk population of stroke are not optimistic. Lack of exercise and high sugar and high fat diet are the main bad lifestyle and dietary habits. More effective intervention measures should be formulated according to the above factors to establish healthy lifestyle and dietary habits.

Key words: Stroke, High-risk population, Lifestyle, Dietary habits, Health promotion