百色市中小学生贫血检出现状及影响因素研究

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2021.1514

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的研究百色市中小学生贫血检出现状及相关因素,为降低百色市中小学生贫血患病情况提供科学依据。方法 2021年1—3月采用随机整群抽样法抽取百色市12个县区中每个县区各1所初中和小学,对抽中的所有学生进行问卷调查、体格检查及血生化指标检测,检测血红蛋白含量进行贫血筛查,采用描述流行病学分析方法对百色市中小学生贫血现状进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对中小学生贫血的影响因素进行分析。结果本研究共纳入30 248名中小学生,检出贫血4 295例,贫血患病率为14.20%,其中轻度、中度、重度贫血分别为3 124、1 063、108例,占比分别为72.74%、24.75%、2.51%。不同BMI、母亲学历、贫血史、膳食状况、体育锻炼情况的百色市中小学生贫血患病率差异有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI偏瘦（OR=1.933）、贫血史（OR=2.282）是百色市中小学生贫血的危险因素,母亲学历越高（OR=0.828、0.662）、健康膳食（OR=0.670）、体育锻炼达标（OR=0.592）是百色市中小学生贫血的保护因素。结论百色市中小学生贫血率较高,受到多种因素影响,应针对性采取有效干预措施,加强科学营养膳食管理、促进中小学生增强体质,降低贫血患病率、提高健康水平。

关键词: 贫血, 中学生, 小学生, 血红蛋白, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To study the detection status and related factors of anemia among primary and middle school students in Baise City, so as to provide scientific basis for reducing the prevalence of anemia among primary and middle school students in Baise City. Methods From January to March 2021, a junior high school and a primary school in each of the 12 counties and districts of Baise City were selected by random cluster sampling method. All the students were investigated by questionnaire, physical examination and blood biochemical index tests. The content of hemoglobin was detected for anemia screening. The current situation of anemia among primary and middle school students in Baise City was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis method, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of anemia. Results A total of 30 248 primary and middle school students were included in this study, of which 4 295 cases of anemia were detected, and the prevalence rate of anemia was 14.20%, including 3 124 cases, 1 063 cases and 108 cases of mild, moderate and severe anemia, accounting for 72.74%, 24.75% and 2.51% respectively. There were significant differences in the prevalence of anemia among primary and middle school students in Baise City with different body mass index, mother's educational background, anemia history, dietary status and physical exercise （all P< 0.01）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that lean body mass index （OR=1.933） and anemia history （OR=2.282） were risk factors for anemia in primary and middle school students in Baise City. The higher the mother's education （OR=0.828, 0.662）, healthy diet （OR=0.670）, physical exercise up to standard （OR=0.592） were protective factors for anemia in primary and middle school students in Baise City. Conclusion The anemia status of primary and middle school students in Baise City is not optimistic, affected by many factors, effective intervention measures should be taken to strengthen scientific nutrition and diet management, promote primary and middle school students to enhance their physique, reduce the prevalence of anemia and improve their health level.

Key words: Anemia, Middle school students, Primary school students, Hemoglobin, Related factors

中图分类号:

R195

陈润, 李孙明, 徐可欣. 百色市中小学生贫血检出现状及影响因素研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2021, 47(12): 1514-1517.

CHEN Run, LI Sun-ming, XU Ke-xin. Detection status and related factors of anemia among primary and middle school students in Baise[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2021, 47(12): 1514-1517.

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