西安市≤6月龄婴儿体格发育状况及营养状态调查

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2022.0693

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的调查西安市≤6月龄婴儿体格发育状况及营养状态,分析相关的影响因素。方法采用方便抽样方法随机抽取西安市10个社区或村（5个属于城镇街道办事处,5个属于村镇政府）,在每个社区或村随机选择1家社区卫生服务中心,将2021年6—8月在选中的社区卫生服务中心进行免疫规划疫苗接种的≤6月龄婴儿作为研究对象,婴儿进行体格检查（身长及体重）及血红蛋白水平检测,并对婴儿母亲进行问卷调查。采用描述性分析方法对婴儿营养不良情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对婴儿营养不良影响因素进行分析。结果共纳入11 714名婴儿参与本研究,男婴5 951人,占50.80%,女婴5 763人,占49.20%。≤3月龄占45.65%,4~6月龄占54.35%。共有1 972例≤6月龄婴儿检出为营养不良,营养不良发生率为16.83%。其中生长迟缓的发生率为1.15%,体重不足的发生率为0.96%,消瘦的发生率为1.47%,贫血发生率为14.90%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,喂养情况（部分母乳喂养OR=1.440,人工喂养OR=1.523）、户籍所在地（OR=2.396）、添加辅食类别数量>2种（OR=1.690）、摄入蛋黄（OR=1.657）、摄入水果（OR=1.355）为≤6月龄婴儿营养状况的影响因素。结论西安市6月龄及以下婴儿营养不良发生风险较高,贫血为主要的营养不良原因。户籍所在地、喂养方式、添加辅食类别数量、摄入蛋黄及水果是6月龄及以下婴儿营养状况的影响因素,可给予针对性的干预。

关键词: 体格发育, 营养状态, 婴儿, 生长发育, 喂养方式

Abstract: Objective To investigate the physical development and nutritional status of infants under 6 months of age in Xi'an, and analyze the relevant influencing factors. Methods The convenience sampling method was used to randomly select 10 communities or villages in Xi'an （5 belong to urban sub-district offices and 5 belong to village and town governments）, and randomly select 1 community health service center in each community or village. Infants under 6 months of age who were vaccinated by the immunization program at the selected community health service center from June to August 2021 were selected as the research subjects. The infants were subjected to physical examination （length and weight） and hemoglobin level detection, and infant mothers were subjected to a questionnaire survey. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze infant malnutrition, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of infant malnutrition. Results A total of 11 714 infants were included in this study, including 5 951 male infants, accounting for 50.80%, and 5 763 female infants, accounting for 49.20%. Infants under 3 months of age accounted for 45.65%, and 4-6 months of age accounted for 54.35%. A total of 1 972 infants under 6 months of age were malnutrition, and the incidence of malnutrition was 16.83%. The incidence of growth retardation, underweight, wasting, and anemia was 1.15%, 0.96%, 1.47%, and 14.90% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the feeding situation （partial breastfeeding OR=1.440, artificial feeding OR=1.523）, the location of household registration （OR=2.396）, the number of complementary food categories added > 2 （OR=1.690）, and the intake of egg yolks （OR=1.657） and fruits （OR=1.355） were the influencing factors of malnutrition in infants under 6 months of age. Conclusion There is a certain risk of malnutrition in infants under 6 months of age in Xi'an, among which anemia is the main malnutrition. Location of household registration, feeding patterns, the number of complementary food categories, and intake of egg yolks and fruits are the influencing factors of malnutrition in infants under 6 months of age, and targeted interventions can be given.

Key words: Physical development, Nutritional status, Infants, Growth and development, Feeding patterns

中图分类号:

R174

缑百妮, 李阳, 李亚红. 西安市≤6月龄婴儿体格发育状况及营养状态调查[J]. 华南预防医学, 2022, 48(6): 693-696.

GOU Bai-ni, LI Yang, LI Ya-hong. Investigation of physical development and nutritional status of infants under 6 months of age in Xi'an[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 48(6): 693-696.

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