关键词: 妊娠期糖尿病, 血糖控制, 母婴结局, 分娩结局, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the blood glucose control related behaviors of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their maternal and infant outcomes, and analyze the influencing factors leading to adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Methods The pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus who had established prenatal examination files and delivered in three hospitals in Hainan Province from January 2020 to June 2022 were selected for this study. The related data of pregnant women and newborns were collected through questionnaires and prenatal examination follow-up. The descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the adverse maternal and infant outcomes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Results A total of 1 036 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were included in this study. There were 263 cases with adverse maternal and infant outcomes, accounting for 25.39%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR=1.045）, pre-pregnancy BMI≥28.0 kg/m² （OR=2.431）, pregnancy weight gain lower than the recommended standard （OR=2.485）, pregnancy weight gain higher than the recommended standard （OR=2.330）, two abnormal OGTT indicators （OR=1.673）, three abnormal OGTT indicators （OR=4.869）, diet control （OR=0.302）, exercise therapy （OR=0.583）, drug therapy （OR=0.453）, substandard blood glucose control （OR=3.687）, gestational hypertension （OR=1.901）, and gestational hypothyroidism （OR=2.346） were influencing factors for adverse maternal and infant outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusions The incidence of adverse maternal and infant outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus is high. Age, pre-pregnancy obesity, pregnancy weight gain below or exceeding the recommended standard, two or three abnormal OGTT indicators, substandard blood glucose control, gestational hypertension, and gestational hypothyroidism are risk factors, and dietary control, exercise therapy, and drug therapy are protective factors.

Key words: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Blood glucose control, Maternal and infant outcomes, Delivery outcome, Influencing factor