关键词: 骨折, 骨质疏松, 延迟愈合, 预后, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the case characteristics of osteoporotic fractures and influencing factors of postoperative prognosis, and to provide reference for promoting the rehabilitation of osteoporotic fracture. Methods Patients with osteoporotic fractures diagnosed and treated in a specialized hospital in Zhengzhou from January 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022 were selected for this study. The basic information and clinical related indicators of the patients were investigated, and their postoperative prognosis were evaluated at eight months after discharge through follow-up. The characteristics of the patients were analyzed using a descriptive analysis method, and the influencing factors of postoperative prognosis of osteoporotic fracture were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results A total of 1 276 osteoporotic fractures were included, of which 55.17% were female and 44.83% were male. The proportion of 65-78 years old was the highest, accounting for 44.98%. There were 44.59% patients with chronic diseases, including 207 cases of diabetes, 192 cases of hypertension, and 170 cases of dyslipidemia. There were 923 cases （72.34%） of low-energy injuries such as falls and tripped injuries, limb fractures accounted for the highest proportion, accounting for 48.51%, and closed fractures accounted for 69.04%, all of which were treated with surgical reduction. Serum osteocalcin （OC）, β isomerized C telopeptide （βCTX）, serum bone alkaline phosphatase （BALP）, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-（OH）D] were 38.48%, 39.42%, 43.03%, and 45.61%, respectively. Delayed healing occurred in 131 cases, with a delayed healing rate of 10.27%。 The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age （OR=2.214）, chronic disease （OR=3.228）, serum OC （OR=2.558）, βCTX （OR=2.154）, BALP （OR=1.520）, 25-（OH）D （OR=1.442）, bone mass loss （OR=2.331）, exercise self-efficacy （OR=0.614）, and calcium self-efficacy （OR=0.366） were the influencing factors of postoperative prognosis of osteoporotic fracture cases. Conclusions The proportion of osteoporotic fractures is higher in patients over 65 years old, mainly low energy injuries such as falls and tripped injuries, limb fractures are more common, and the incidence of postoperative delayed healing is higher. It is necessary to pay attention to high-risk patients, monitor serum bone biochemical metabolic markers, strengthen discharge guidance and follow-up, and promote the smooth rehabilitation of patients.

Key words: Fracture, Osteoporosis, Delayed healing, Prognosis, Influencing factor