太和县小学生注意缺陷多动障碍发生情况及影响因素研究

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2023.0956

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的调查分析太和县小学生注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）发生情况及影响因素。方法选取太和县3所小学的3 122名小学生进行调查,根据《美国精神障碍诊断手册（5版）》诊断其ADHD情况,通过自制调查表收集小学生基本情况和患病情况,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析小学生ADHD发生的影响因素。结果太和县小学生ADHD检出率为6.28%。单因素分析结果显示,太和县小学生ADHD的发生与性别、母亲文化程度、癫痫疾病史、母亲分娩方式、早产、出生时窒息、母亲孕期吸烟、喂养方式、铅暴露、父母关系、父母离异、打骂式教育方式、挑食、学习困难有关（P<0.05或P<0.01）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,男童（OR=5.650）、癫痫疾病史（OR=11.831）、母亲孕期吸烟（OR=12.558）、早产（OR=5.550）、出生时窒息（OR=21.739）、喂养方式（奶粉）（OR=10.122）、父母关系差（OR=6.742）、父母离异（OR=7.448）、打骂式教育方式（OR=6.671）的小学生发生ADHD的风险更高。结论太和县小学生ADHD发生率较高,与性别、癫痫疾病史、母亲孕期吸烟、早产、出生时窒息、喂养方式、父母关系、父母离异以及打骂式教育方式等多种因素有关,提示家属及学校等相关部门应及时根据相关影响因素制定有效措施,降低ADHD发生风险。

关键词: 小学生, 注意缺陷多动障碍, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate and analyze the incidence and influencing factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） among pupils in Taihe County. Methods A total of 3 122 pupils from three primary schools in Taihe County were selected for investigation, and their ADHD was diagnosed according to the American Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders （5th Edition）. The basic information and illness of pupils were collected by self-made questionnaire, and the influencing factors of the occurrence of ADHD among pupils were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results The detection rate of ADHD among pupils in Taihe County was 6.28%. Univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of ADHD among pupils in Taihe County was related to gender, maternal education level, history of epilepsy, maternal mode of delivery, premature birth, asphyxia at birth, maternal smoking during pregnancy, feeding pattern, lead exposure, parental relationship, parental divorce, beat-and-scold education style, picky eating, and learning difficulties （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that boys （OR=5.650）, with a history of epilepsy （OR=11.831）, maternal smoking during pregnancy （OR=12.558）, premature birth （OR=5.550）, asphyxia at birth （OR=21.739）, feeding pattern （milk powder）（OR=10.122）, poor parental relationship （OR=6.742）, parental divorce （OR=7.448）, and beat-and-scold education style （OR=6.671） of pupils were at higher risk of ADHD. Conclusions The incidence of ADHD among pupils in Taihe County is high, which is related to various factors such as gender, history of epilepsy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, premature birth, asphyxia at birth, feeding pattern, parental relationship, parental divorce, and beat-and-scold education style. It is suggested that family members, schools, and other relevant departments should formulate effective measures according to relevant influencing factors in time to reduce the risk of ADHD.

Key words: Pupil, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R179

凡晓梅, 韩勤, 卢雯雯. 太和县小学生注意缺陷多动障碍发生情况及影响因素研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2023, 49(8): 956-960.

FAN Xiaomei, HAN Qin, LU Wenwen. Incidence and influencing factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among pupils in Taihe County[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2023, 49(8): 956-960.

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