关键词: 产妇, 自然分娩, 盆底功能障碍, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To explore the occurrence and related factors of pelvic floor dysfunction in women with natural childbirth and provide the scientific basis for reducing the occurrence of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction. Methods From June 2021 to June 2023,pregnant women who delivered spontaneously and received postpartum follow-up and return visit 42 days after delivery in the Obstetrics Department of Huainan Maternal and Child Health Hospital,the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology,and General Hospital of Huainan Oriental Hospital Group were selected for the study. Birth-related data were collected and pelvic floor muscle strength was detected. Descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the occurrence of pelvic floor dysfunction,and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of pelvic floor dysfunction. Results Out of 1 823 women with natural childbirth,782 cases were found to have pelvic floor dysfunction,with an incidence rate of 42.90%. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that the risk of pelvic floor dysfunction was higher in women with natural childbirth who aged ≥35 （OR=2.869）,with history of pelvic surgery （OR=1.579）,absence of anal contraction training during pregnancy （OR=2.482）,presence of pregnancy complications （OR=3.043）,weight gain during pregnancy higher than recommended standards （OR=2.776）,presence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy （OR=2.298）,failure to follow medical advice for pelvic floor rehabilitation exercise （OR=2.474）,long duration of second stage of labor （OR=2.907）,high newborn body weight （OR=2.575）,and postpartum urinary tract infection （OR=1.929）. Conclusions The detection rate of pelvic floor dysfunction in women with natural childbirth is relatively high,and the high-risk women mainly include those aged ≥ 35,with history of pelvic surgery,absence of anal contraction training during pregnancy,presence of pregnancy complications,weight gain during pregnancy higher than recommended standards,presence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy,failure to follow medical advice for pelvic floor rehabilitation exercise,long duration of second stage of labor,high newborn body weight,and postpartum urinary tract infection. To reduce the risk of pelvic floor dysfunction,accordingly,targeted interventions or preventive measures can be given to at-risk pregnant women.

Key words: Delivery woman, Natural childbirth, Pelvic floor dysfunction, Influencing factor