我国≥60岁老年人抑郁流行现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2024.1130

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析我国≥60岁老年人抑郁症现状及其影响因素,以期为抑郁症防控政策制定提供参考。方法基于中国健康与养老追踪调查2020年调查数据,选取≥60岁老年人的行为生活习惯、健康状态与生活功能等相关数据,采用多因素逐步logistic模型分析抑郁症影响因素,构建MLP神经网络模型对影响因素重要性进行排序。结果共纳入8 337名≥60岁老年人,抑郁症检出率为41.05%。Logistic回归结果显示女性（OR=1.79）、农业户口（OR=1.52）、现住址为农村（OR=1.28）、已婚分居（OR=1.33）、离婚/丧偶（OR=1.36）、文盲（OR=1.41）、小学（OR=1.36）、家庭人均月支出<1 500元（OR=1.32）、睡眠时间<6 h（OR=1.85）、现患慢病≥2种（OR=1.46）、BADL评分较高（OR=1.19）、IADL评分较高（OR=1.06）的≥60岁老年人抑郁症检出概率较高,已戒烟（OR=0.83）、中高强度体力（OR=0.76）、健康满意度较高（OR=0.53、0.27）、生活满意度较高（OR=0.24、0.15）、子女满意度较高（OR=0.62、0.47）的≥60岁老年人抑郁症检出概率较低。多层感知器神经网络模型显示抑郁症检出影响因素相对重要性排序从高到低依次为生活满意度、离婚/丧偶、睡眠时间<6 h、健康满意度、现住址为农村、睡眠时间>8 h、子女满意度、中高强度体力活动、已婚分居和现住址为城乡结合部。结论我国≥60岁以上老年人抑郁症检出率较高,应通过倡导老年人戒烟、定期锻炼、保持适量睡眠、维持对生活的满意度等系列方式来促进老年人心理健康。

关键词: 抑郁, 老年人, 心理健康, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the status and influencing factors of depression in Chinese elderly aged ≥60 years, to provide a reference for the formulation of depression prevention and control policy. Methods Based on the survey data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey in 2020, the related data of behavior and life habits, health status, and life function of the elderly aged ≥60 years were selected. The multivariate stepwise logistic model was used to analyze the influencing factors of depression, and the MLP neural network model was constructed to rank the importance of the influencing factors. Results A total of 8 337 elderly people aged ≥60 years were included, and the prevalence of depression was 41.05%. The Logistic regression results showed that women (OR=1.79), agricultural household registration (OR=1.52), current address in rural areas (OR=1.28), married and separated (OR=1.33), divorced/widowed (OR=1.36), illiterate (OR=1.41), primary education level (OR=1.36), per capita monthly household expenditure<1 500 yuan (OR=1.32), sleep time<6 hours (OR=1.85), combined with≥2 chronic diseases (OR=1.46), high BADL score (OR=1.19), and high IADL score (OR=1.06) had a higher probability of depression in elderly people aged≥60 years. The probability of depression in elderly people aged ≥60 years who had quit smoking (OR=0.83), moderate to high intensity physical activity (OR=0.76), high health satisfaction (OR=0.53, 0.27), high life satisfaction (OR=0.24, 0.15), and high child satisfaction (OR=0.62, 0.47) was lower. The MLP neural network model showed that the relative importance ranking of the influencing factors for depression was from high to low, followed by life satisfaction, divorced/widowed, sleep time<6 hours, health satisfaction, current address in rural areas, sleep time>8 hours, child satisfaction, moderate to high intensity physical activity, married and separated, and current address in the urban-rural fringe. Conclusion The prevalence of depression in Chinese elderly aged ≥60 years is relatively high, and the mental health of the elderly should be promoted by advocating smoking cessation, regular exercise, maintaining proper sleep, and maintaining satisfaction with life.

Key words: Depression, Elderly people, Mental health, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R195.4

李敏超, 宋丽君, 陆国飞, 章云衡, 赵天旺. 我国≥60岁老年人抑郁流行现状及影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2024, 50(12): 1130-1135.

LI Minchao, SONG Lijun, LU Guofei, ZHANG Yunheng, ZHAO Tianwang. Prevalence and influencing factors of depression in Chinese elderly aged ≥60 years[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2024, 50(12): 1130-1135.

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