南京地区6~12岁儿童牙周状况及影响因素调查

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2026.0133

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析南京地区6~12岁儿童牙周状况及其影响因素,为该地区儿童牙周疾病防治提供参考。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,从南京市3个区（江宁、玄武、浦口区）各抽取1个街道/镇的小学6~12岁学龄儿童进行口腔健康状况进行调查。按照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方法和标准对儿童进行口腔牙周健康状况和口腔健康行为问卷调查。结果共纳入南京3 612名儿童,其中男童1 927名（53.35%）,女童1 685名（46.45%）;检出牙龈出血1 558例,检出牙结石1 536例,检出牙周袋25例,牙龈出血、牙石和牙周袋检出率分别为43.13%、42.52%和0.69%;检出牙周健康者2 044人,牙周健康率56.59%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄（OR=0.570,95% CI：0.378~0.860）、父母文化程度（OR=1.473,95% CI：1.182~1.834）、每日刷牙次数（OR=3.808,95% CI：1.921~7.546）、每次刷牙时间（OR=2.869,95% CI：1.096~7.511）、距上次口腔检查时间（OR=0.439,95% CI：0.220~0.873）、使用含氟牙膏（OR=2.032,95% CI：1.751~2.358）、使用牙线（OR=1.499,95% CI：1.216~1.849）、咬合异常（OR=0.460,95% CI：0.293~0.724）、进食甜食频率（OR=0.325,95% CI：0.126~0.833）以及口腔健康知识（OR=1.790,95% CI：1.236~2.592）和口腔健康态度（OR=1.878,95% CI：1.137~3.101）是6~12岁儿童牙周健康的独立相关因素（均P<0.05）。结论南京地区6~12岁儿童牙周健康状况仍有待进一步改善,牙龈出血、牙结石现象较普遍,牙周健康问题较突出。为进一步强化儿童牙周健康,应加强改善儿童饮食和口腔卫生行为,提倡含氟牙膏及牙线使用,并加强儿童口腔健康教育。

关键词: 儿童, 牙周健康, 牙龈出血, 牙石, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the periodontal status and its associated factors in 6- to 12-year-old children in the Nanjing area, with the aim of providing a reference for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease in this demographic. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to select primary school children aged 6-12 years from three districts (Jiangning, Xuanwu, and Pukou) in Nanjing for an oral health survey. The periodontal health status and oral health behaviors of the children were assessed in accordance with the methodology and standards of the 4th National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey, supplemented by a questionnaire. Results A total of 3 612 children were included in the study, comprising 1 927 males (53.35%) and 1 685 females (46.45%). The prevalence of gingival bleeding was 43.13% (1 558 cases), dental calculus was 42.52% (1 536 cases), and periodontal pockets were detected in 0.69% (25 cases). A state of periodontal health was observed in 2 044 children, corresponding to a periodontal health rate of 56.59%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age (OR=0.570, 95% CI: 0.378-0.860), parental education level (OR=1.473, 95% CI: 1.182-1.834), daily tooth brushing frequency (OR= 3.808, 95% CI: 1.921-7.546), duration of each brushing session (OR=2.869, 95% CI: 1.096-7.511), time since the last dental examination (OR=0.439, 95% CI: 0.220-0.873), use of fluoridated toothpaste (OR=2.032, 95% CI: 1.751-2.358), use of dental floss (OR=1.499, 95% CI: 1.216-1.849), malocclusion (OR=0.460, 95% CI: 0.293-0.724), frequency of sweet food consumption (OR=0.325, 95% CI: 0.126-0.833), as well as oral health knowledge (OR=1.790, 95% CI: 1.236-2.592) and attitude (OR=1.878, 95% CI: 1.137-3.101) were independent factors correlated with periodontal health in children aged 6-12 years (all P<0.05). Conclusion The periodontal health status of 6- to 12-year-old children in the Nanjing area requires further improvement. Gingival bleeding and dental calculus are particularly prevalent, indicating significant periodontal health challenges. To enhance the periodontal well-being of children, it is imperative to promote better dietary habits and oral hygiene practices, advocate for the use of fluoridated toothpaste and dental floss, and intensify oral health education initiatives.

Key words: Children, Periodontal health, Gingival bleeding, Dental calculus, Influencing factors

中图分类号:

R179

肖玲玲, 苗芬, 汤根兄, 李丽娟. 南京地区6~12岁儿童牙周状况及影响因素调查[J]. 华南预防医学, 2026, 52(2): 133-137.

Xiao Lingling, Miao Fen, Tang Genxiong, Li Lijuan. An investigation into the periodontal status and influencing factors among school-aged children in Nanjing[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2026, 52(2): 133-137.

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