初产妇孕前体重及孕期增重对新生儿体重影响

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2020.0026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解初产妇孕前体重和孕期增重对新生儿体重的影响。方法以2018年哈尔滨某医院产科无妊娠期合并症的健康初产孕妇及其单胎活产儿为研究对象,收集产妇产检和分娩记录,对产妇进行问卷调查,按照中国成人BMI范围标准对产妇进行分组,分析影响新生儿体重的相关因素及产妇孕前体重及孕期增重对新生儿体重的影响。结果本研究共对826对健康初产妇及其新生儿进行调查,初产妇平均年龄为(26.36 ± 4.21)岁,孕前BMI平均为(22.18 ± 3.15),文化程度以大专及以上为主,占46.12%,居住地以城镇为主,占83.41%,孕期增重均值为(15.26 ± 4.12)kg,平均孕周为(38.83 ± 1.08)周。在826名新生儿中,男、女性别比为1.15∶1,低出生体重儿17例(占2.1%),正常出生体重儿748名(占90.6%),巨大儿61例(占7.4%)。家庭人均月收入、孕前体重、孕期增重情况不同的产妇分娩新生儿体重差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。孕前体重、孕期增重不同的产妇分娩的新生儿体重分布差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。孕前体重、孕期增重均与新生儿出生体重呈正相关(r =0.147、0.239)。结论初产妇孕前体重、孕期增重影响新生儿出生体重,孕前肥胖与孕期增重过多易导致分娩出巨大儿的风险增加,应加强初产妇的产前健康教育。

关键词: 初产妇, 体重, 孕期增重, 新生儿

Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain of primiparas during pregnancy on neonatal weight. Methods Healthy primiparous pregnant women and their single live births without obstetric complications were recruited from a hospital in Harbin in 2018. Records of parturient examination and delivery were collected, a questionnaire survey on the parturients was conducted, and the parturient women were divided into groups based on the Chinese standard BMI for adults. Factors affecting the weight of newborn and effects of pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy on neonatal weight were analyzed. Result sIn this study, 826 healthy primiparas and their newborns were investigated. The average age of primiparas was (26.36 ± 4.21) years, the average BMI before pregnancy was (22.18 ± 3.15). Of the primiparas, 46.12% had the education level of college or above and 83.41% lived in the cities or towns. The average weight gain during pregnancy was (15.26 ± 4.12) kg, and the average gestational week was (38.83 ± 1.08) weeks. Of the 826 newborns, the male to female sex ratio was 1.15∶1,17 (2.1%) low birth weight, 748 (90.6%) normal birth weight, and 61 (7.4%) macrosomia. There were statistically significant differences in family income per month, pre-pregnancy BMI, and weight gain during pregnancy among pregnant women who gave birth to newborns (all P <0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of body weight of newborns with different weights before pregnancy and different weights during pregnancy (all P <0.01). Both the weight before pregnancy and the weight during pregnancy were positively correlated with the birth weight of the newborns (r =0.147, 0.239). Conclusion Pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy affected the birth weight of newborn, pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy were likely to increase the risk for macrosomic infant birth. Therefore, prenatal health education for primiparas should be strengthened.

Key words: Primipara, Body weight, Weight gain during pregnancy, Newborn

中图分类号:

R173

邴艳菲, 邱禹杉, 李佳祺, 戴淼. 初产妇孕前体重及孕期增重对新生儿体重影响[J]. 华南预防医学, 2020, 46(1): 26-29.

BING Yan-fei, QIU Yu-shan, LI Jia-qi, DAI Miao. Effect of pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy on neonatal weight[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2020, 46(1): 26-29.

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