郑州市社区老年人衰弱及认知衰弱现状研究

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2021.1262

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析郑州市社区老年人衰弱及认知衰弱现状并探讨其影响因素。方法 2020年8—12月采用方便抽样方法分别在郑州市下辖区、县和代管县级市的其中1个社区服务中心设立调查项目志愿者招募点招募≥60岁居民进行调查。采用Fried衰弱表型（FP）、临床痴呆评定量表（CDR）、中文版蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）等进行衰弱及认知衰弱评估,对≥60岁居民衰弱及认知衰弱现状进行描述性分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对衰弱及认知衰弱影响因素进行分析。结果最终纳入2 596名社区老年人进行调查分析,男性1 391人,女性1 205人。年龄60~86岁,以60~69岁所占比例最大,占38.0%。衰弱247例（9.5%）、衰弱前期614例（23.7%）;认知衰弱169例,发生率为6.5%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄越大（OR=2.563）、BMI≥28.0 kg/m²（OR=2.447）、有基础疾病（OR=2.765）是社区老年人衰弱的危险因素,与配偶和（或）子女居住（OR=0.442、0.575）、体育锻炼>3次/周（OR=0.629）是社区老年人衰弱的保护因素;有基础疾病（OR=2.743）是社区老年人认知衰弱的危险因素,受教育年限越长（OR=0.388）、与配偶和（或）子女居住（OR=0.452、0.612）、体育锻炼>3次/周（OR=0.429）是社区老年人认知衰弱的保护因素。结论郑州市社区老年人衰弱及认知衰弱较为常见,其发生受多种因素影响,需要关注高危人群并针对性采取有效的干预措施,减少或延缓社区老年人衰弱及认知衰弱的发生,提升社区老年人生活质量。

关键词: 社区, 老年, 衰弱, 认知衰弱, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the frailty and cognitive frailty of elderly in Zhengzhou community and its influencing factors. Methods From August to December 2020, a convenient sampling method was used to set up a survey project volunteer recruitment station in one of the community service centers in the districts, counties, and county-level cities under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou city to recruit residents aged ≥ 60 for survey. The Fried Frailty Phenotype （FP）, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale （CDR）, and the Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale （MoCA） were used to assess frailty and cognitive frailty. Descriptive analysis was made on the current situation of frailty and cognitive frailty of residents aged ≥ 60, and the influencing factors of frailty and cognitive frailty were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results A total of 2 596 elderly in the community were included for investigation and analysis, including 1 391 males and 1 205 females. The age ranged from 60 to 86 years old, and the proportion of 60 to 69 years old was the largest, accounting for 38.0%. Two hundred and forty-seven cases （9.5%） were frailty, 614 cases （23.7%） were pre frailty. There were 169 cases of cognitive frailty, and the incidence rate was 6.5%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that older age （OR=2.563）, BMI≥28.0 kg/m²（OR=2.447）, and underlying diseases （OR=2.765） were the risk factors for the frailty of the elderly in the community, living with their spouse and/or children （OR=0.442, 0.575） and the frequency of physical exercise>3 times / week （OR=0.629） were the protective factors for the frailty of the elderly in the community. Underlying diseases （OR=2.743） were the risk factors for the cognitive frailty of the elderly in the community, the longer the education years （OR=0.388）, living with their spouse and/or children （OR=0.452, 0.612）, and the frequency of physical exercise>3 times / week （OR=0.429） were the protective factors for the cognitive frailty of the elderly in the community. Conclusion Frailty and cognitive frailty are common among the elderly in Zhengzhou community, which are affected by many factors. It is necessary to pay attention to high-risk groups and take effective intervention measures to reduce or delay the occurrence of frailty and cognitive frailty and improve the quality of life of the elderly in the community.

Key words: Community, Elderly, Frailty, Cognitive frailty, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R195

孙环, 乔永涛, 夏昱, 鲁智敏, 王钟敏, 周丽娜. 郑州市社区老年人衰弱及认知衰弱现状研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2021, 47(10): 1262-1266.

SUN Huan, QIAO Yong-tao, XIA Yu, LU Zhi-min, WANG Zhong-min, ZHOU Li-na. Frailty and cognitive frailty of the elderly in Zhengzhou community[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2021, 47(10): 1262-1266.

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