荆州市新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例流行病学特征及临床严重程度影响因素分析

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2021.0487

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析荆州市新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称新冠肺炎）确诊病例流行病学特征和临床严重程度影响因素,为疫情防控和病例救治提供参考依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息管理系统收集2020年1月1日至3月10日荆州市新冠肺炎确诊病例基本资料,通过现场流行病学调查获得病例临床资料和既往危险因素暴露史,描述性分析病例流行病学和临床严重程度。结果荆州市共报告新冠肺炎确诊病例1 365例,报告发病率24.19/10万,感染呈单峰暴发模式。聚集性疫情中的确诊病例占所有确诊病例总数的31.06%,93.94%聚集性疫情发生在家庭。病例男女性别比为1.12∶1;病例年龄主要集中在30~59岁,占确诊病例总数的62.93%;离武汉最近的洪湖市报告感染率最高达46.73/10万。有79.56%的病例发病前14 d到过武汉或接触过武汉回来的人,27.25%的确诊病例发病前14 d接触过确诊病例或无症状感染者。确诊病例中有发热或咳嗽症状的分别占75.60%和56.26%。确诊病例的年龄越大、从发病到入院的时间越长、既往病史比例越高的病例群体,临床分型越严重（P<0.01）。结论新冠肺炎疫情防控中,要早发现、实施单独隔离,防止家庭聚集性疫情发生,必要时要限制疫区人员流动,以控制大范围播散。病例救治时,要早发现,缩短病例从发病到入院的时间,重点关注年龄大、有既往病史的病例,以降低重症及危重症的比例。

关键词: 新型冠状病毒, 新型冠状病毒肺炎, 流行特征, 临床严重程度

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and factors influencing clinical severity of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Jingzhou City, with a view to providing evidence for epidemic prevention and treatment. Methods The basic data of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Jingzhou City from January 1 to March 10, 2020 were collected through the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information Management System. Clinical data and previous exposure history of risk factors were obtained through field epidemiological investigation, and case epidemiology and clinical severity were descriptive analyzed. Results A total of 1 365 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported in Jingzhou City, the reported incidence rate was 24.19/100 000, and the infection presents a single-peak outbreak pattern. Confirmed cases of cluster infections accounted for 31.06% of the total, 93.94% of the clustered outbreaks occurred in households. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.12∶1. The age of the COVID-19 confirmed cases was mainly 30-59 years old, accounting for 62.93%. In the regional distribution, the highest incidence rate was Honghu City which is nearest to Wuhan. Fourteen days before onset, 79.56% had traveled to Wuhan or contact with people who had returned from Wuhan, and 27.25% had contact with the confirmed cases or asymptomatic infected people. Fever and cough were found in 75.60% and 56.26% of the cases. The cases who were older, the longer the time from onset to admission, and the higher the proportion of patients with past disease history, were more severe the clinical classification （P<0.01）. Conclusion In the control and prevention of COVID-19 epidemic, early detection and individual isolation should be implemented to prevent the family clustering epidemic. When necessary, the movement of people in the epidemic area should be restricted to control the spread of large areas. In case treatment, early detection is necessary to shorten the time from the onset to the admission of the infected person, focus on the elderly and the infected cases with past history, so as to reduce the proportion of severe and critical diseases cases.

Key words: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Epidemiological characteristics, Clinical severity

中图分类号:

R183.3

宋开发, 黄继贵, 陈建勇. 荆州市新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例流行病学特征及临床严重程度影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2021, 47(4): 487-490.

SONG Kai-fa, HUANG Ji-gui, CHEN Jian-yong. Epidemiological characteristics and factors influencing clinical severity of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Jingzhou City[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2021, 47(4): 487-490.

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