兰州市城区102例乳母膳食营养状况及其与乳汁成分关系

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2021.1105

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解兰州市城区乳母膳食营养状况及其与乳汁成分的关系。方法招募102位乳母,通过问卷调查其基本情况和膳食状况,计算膳食营养素摄入量,采集血液样本检测血红蛋白和微量元素水平,采集母乳分析体质指数及宏量营养素摄入和乳汁成分的关系。结果乳母能量摄入量中位数为1 507.5（1 245.5,1 954.5）kcal,能量和宏量营养素及多种微量营养素摄入量均不足,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物供能比分别为13.72%、25.67%、60.90%;乳汁中脂肪、总蛋白质、糖类、干物质、能量的含量分别为（4.33±1.23）g/100 mL、（1.23±0.24）g/100 mL、（7.07±0.32）g/100 mL、（12.82±1.13）g/100 mL、（73.70±10.93）kcal/100 mL。不同BMI分组乳母乳汁中脂肪、干物质以及能量含量不同（均P<0.05）,超重/肥胖组乳母乳汁中能量、脂肪以及干物质含量高。乳汁成分和乳母膳食宏量营养素之间未发现相关性（均P>0.05）。乳母血红蛋白平均含量为（137.23±1.10）g/L,7例（7.53%）贫血,乳母缺乏的微量元素主要为镁（24.73%）和铁（7.53%）。结论需要加强对乳母的营养宣教,鼓励其合理膳食,定期检测血红蛋白浓度,及时发现健康问题并改善。

关键词: 乳母, 营养状况, 母乳成分, 膳食调查, 母乳喂养

Abstract: Objective To investigate the dietary nutritional status of lactating mothers in the urban area of Lanzhou and its relationship with breast milk composition. Methods A total of 102 lactating mothers were recruited. Their basic information and dietary status were investigated by questionnaire. Dietary nutrient intake was calculated. Blood samples were collected to detect the levels of hemoglobin and trace elements. Breast milk was collected to analyze the relationship between body mass index, macronutrient intake and milk composition. Results The average energy intake of lactating mothers was 1507.5 （1 245.5, 1 954.5） kcal, and the intake of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients were insufficient. The energy supply ratios of protein, fat and carbohydrate were 13.72%, 25.67% and 60.90%, respectively. The contents of fat, total protein, carbohydrate, dry matter and energy in milk were （4.33±1.23） g/100 mL, （1.23±0.24） g/100 mL, （7.07±0.32） g/100 mL, （12.82±1.13） g/100 mL, （73.70±10.93） kcal/100 mL, respectively. The fat, dry matter and energy in milk of overweight and obese lactating mothers were higher than those in other groups（all P<0.05）. No correlation was found between milk components and dietary macronutrients （all P>0.05）. The average hemoglobin content of lactating mothers was （137.23±1.10） g/L. Anemia was detected in 7（7.53%） lactating mothers. The deficiency of trace elements in lactating mothers was mainly magnesium （24.73%） and iron （7.53%）. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the nutrition education in lactating mothers, encourage them to have a reasonable diet, regularly detect the hemoglobin concentration, and timely find out the health problems and improve them.

Key words: Lactating mother, Nutritional status, Breast milk composition, Dietary survey, Breast feeding

中图分类号:

R153

苏燕燕, 陈睿迪, 张永花, 鹿盼婷, 李娜, 钱昌丽, 王玉. 兰州市城区102例乳母膳食营养状况及其与乳汁成分关系[J]. 华南预防医学, 2021, 47(9): 1105-1108.

SU Yan-yan, CHEN Rui-di, ZHANG Yong-hua, LU Pan-ting, LI Na, QIAN Chang-li, WANG Yu. Dietary nutritional status of 102 lactating mothers in the urban area of Lanzhou and its relationship with breast milk composition[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2021, 47(9): 1105-1108.

参考文献

[1] 董彩霞,荫士安.中国乳母营养状况10年回顾[J].中华预防医学杂志, 2016,50(12):1108-1113.
[2] Kevin C, Keith A, Robert M, et al.The role of avocados in maternal diets during the periconceptional period, pregnancy, and lactation[J].Nutrients, 2016,8(5):313.
[3] 中国营养学会“缺铁性贫血营养防治专家共识”工作组.缺铁性贫血营养防治专家共识[J].营养学报,2019,41(5):417-426.
[4] 吕建利,范煜桢,张健,等.2018年北京市区52名乳母膳食评价及其与母乳成分的关系[J].卫生研究,2020,49(3):392-396.
[5] 章静静. 膳食营养素摄入量、膳食炎症潜能与克罗恩病风险的多中心病例对照研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2020.
[6] 苏宜香. 孕妇乳母膳食指南食物推荐摄入量解读[J].临床儿科杂志, 2018,36(8):645-648.
[7] Ding Y, Indayati W, Basnet TB, et al.Dietary intake in lactating mothers in China 2018: Report of a survey[J].Nutr J,2020,19(1):72.
[8] 逯通,田慧敏,于苗,等.乳母膳食和乳汁成分与婴儿生长发育的关系分析[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2019,45(4):950-954.
[9] 周桔丰,张瑞城,苏小玉,等.基于孕妇学校的饮食健康教育对妊娠期糖尿病患者的影响[J].中国健康教育,2020,36(8):755-757.
[10] Garwolińska D, Namieśnik J, Kot-Wasik A, et al.Chemistry of human breast milk-A comprehensive review of the composition and role of milk metabolites in child development[J].J Agric Food Chem,2018,66(45):11881-11896.
[11] Titi Y, Yumei Z, Yibing N, et al.Breast milk macronutrient composition and the associated factors in urban Chinese mothers[J].Chin Med J (Engl), 2014,127(9):1721-1725.
[12] Bzikowska-Jura A,Czerwonogrodzka-Senczyna A,Oledzka G, et al.Maternal nutrition and body composition during breastfeeding: Association with human milk composition[J]. Nutrients,2018,10(10):1379.
[13] 杨华,刘黎明.297例乳母膳食对乳汁成分的影响[J].中国妇幼健康研究, 2017,28(8):897-899.
[14] 国家卫生计生委疾病预防控制局.中国居民营养与慢性疾病状况(2015)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016,11-25.
[15] 孙长峰,郭娜.微量元素铁对人体健康的影响[J].微量元素与健康研究, 2011,28(2):64-66.