关键词: 脑出血, 流行特征, 高血压, 基底核, 预后, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of patients with first-episode cerebral hemorrhage and its impact on prognosis in Beijing, so as to provide reference for prevention and treatment of cerebral hemorrhage. Methods The data of patients with cerebral hemorrhage in a hospital from 2018 to 2020 were retrieved from the hospital medical record management system, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale （GOS score） was used to follow up and evaluate the prognosis of the patients 6 months after discharge. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the case characteristics and prognosis of patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and the prognosis of patients with different characteristics was compared and analyzed. Results A total of 3 139 patients with cerebral hemorrhage were included in this study for analysis. In 2018, 2019, and 2020, 927, 1 019, and 1 193 cases were included, and the number of cases increased year by year. The male to female ratio was 1∶0.98, aged 34-87 years, and the proportion of patients aged 60 -<70 years was the largest, accounting for 38.8%. There was significant difference in the distribution of patients of different ages in the three years （P<0.01）, and the proportion of patients with younger age tended to increase. The proportion of incidence in autumn and winter was high, accounting for 60.7%, and the main cause was hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, accounting for 44.4%. The main hemorrhage was in the basal nuclei, accounting for 60.2%. There was no statistically significant difference in different years, gender, season of onset, cause of onset, and distribution of hemorrhage sites among the three years （all P>0.05）. A total of 2 279 patients with cerebral hemorrhage were followed up for 6 months after discharge, and 1 277 had good prognosis, with a good rate of 56.0%. There was a statistically significant difference in the good prognosis rate of cerebral hemorrhage patients with different gender, age, cause of onset, and hemorrhage site （all P<0.01）, and the difference in the good prognosis rate of patients with cerebral hemorrhage in different years and onset seasons was not statistically significant （both P>0.05）. Conclusion In recent three years, patients with first-episode cerebral hemorrhage in Beijing have obvious gender, age and seasonal distribution characteristics. The main cause of onset is hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, and basal nuclei hemorrhage is common. There are differences in the prognosis of patients with different characteristics. Effective prevention and treatment measures can be actively taken in combination with the epidemic characteristics of hospitalized cerebral hemorrhage patients to reduce the health hazards caused by cerebral hemorrhage, and obtain good prognosis.

Key words: Cerebral hemorrhage, Epidemic characteristics, Hypertension, Basal nuclei, Prognosis, Influencing factor