关键词: 弱视, 学龄前儿童, 斜视, 屈光不正, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To explore the current situation and influencing factors of amblyopia in preschool children in Zigong city, Sichuan province. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling method, preschool children from 8 kindergartens （4 in urban areas and 4 in suburban areas） in Zigong City, Sichuan Province were selected for amblyopia examination. The data of children and mothers were collected. The influencing factors of preschool children‘s amblyopia were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results Among 943 preschool children, 468 were male and 475 were female, aged 3 - 6 years, with the median age of [4.00 （4.00, 5.00）] years old. Forty-seven cases of amblyopia were screened, and the prevalence rate was 4.98%, of which ametropic amblyopia accounted for 36.17%, anisometropic amblyopia accounted for 34.04%, strabismus amblyopia accounted for 21.28%, and form deprivation amblyopia accounted for 8.51%. Maternal smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, gravidity, parity, history of children’s strabismus, premature delivery and family history of ametropia were related to the occurrence of children‘s amblyopia （P < 0.05 or P < 0.01）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal smoking during pregnancy （OR=10.450）, parity ≥ 3 times （OR=3.508）, history of children’s strabismus （OR=16.877）, premature delivery （OR=4.285）, and family history of ametropia （OR=9.075） were the risk factors of amblyopia in preschool children. Conclusion The influencing factors of amblyopia in preschool children may be the history of strabismus, premature delivery, family history of ametropia, smoking during pregnancy and parity of maternal.

Key words: Amblyopia, Preschool children, Strabismus, Ametropia, Influencing factor