关键词: 妊娠晚期, 孕妇, 症状群, 现状, 社会支持

Abstract: Objective To investigate and identify the types of symptom clusters of pregnant women in late pregnancy, and to further explore the relationship between social support and different symptom clusters. Methods From January 2019 to December 2020, pregnant women in late pregnancy in the obstetric outpatient clinics of three hospitals in Beijing were investigated by questionnaire, mainly including basic information, occurrence of symptoms during pregnancy, and the status of social support. The Promax oblique rotation method was used to perform exploratory factor analysis on the symptoms evaluated by the symptom scale with an incidence rate of> 40% in late pregnancy, and single and multiple factors were used to analyze the influencing factors of the symptom clusters of pregnant women in late pregnancy. Results A total of 5 012 pregnant women in late pregnancy were enrolled in this study, aged 24-44 years old, with gestational age 35 to <41 weeks, 35 to 36 weeks dominated, accounting for 57.0%. The monthly household income was mainly ≥10 000 yuan, accounting for 68.9%. BMI of pre-pregnancy was mainly <24.0, accounting for 71.0%. The score of social support was （68.25±4.78） points. The top 5 symptom occurrence frequencies were weight gain, lack of energy, feeling drowsy, sweating, and falling asleep difficulty. The symptom cluster with the highest average score was body image symptoms （0.89±0.46） points, followed by general physical symptoms （0.81±0.48） points, neuropsychiatric symptoms （0.79±0.43） points, limb symptoms （0.66±0.29） points. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that gestational age （β'=0.236） and exercise frequency （β'=-0.192） were factors affected the general physical symptoms of pregnant women in late pregnancy. Monthly income （β'=-0.118） and the score of social support （β'=-0.136） were factors affected the neuropsychiatric symptoms in late pregnancy. The gestational age （β'=0.229） and the BMI of pre-pregnancy （β'=0.086） were factors affected the body image symptoms of pregnant women in late pregnancy. Gestational week （β'=0.353） was factor affected the limb symptoms of pregnant women in late pregnancy. Conclusion Affected by a variety of factors, pregnant women in late pregnancy have multiple physical and mental symptoms, and social support has a certain correlation with them. This plays an important role in identifying high-risk population in the early clinical stage and launching targeted intervention measures in a timely manner.

Key words: Late pregnancy, Pregnant woman, Symptom cluster, Status, Social support