华南预防医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 554-559.doi: 10.12183/j.scjpm.2026.0554

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2014—2024年深圳市龙岗区手足口病季节性特征变化分析

卢文海1,2, 陈小燕1, 杨南南1,3, 宋丽霞2,4, 蒙泽菁1, 李志远3,5, 卢春如1, 于碧鲲1   

  1. 1.深圳市龙岗区坪地公共卫生服务中心,广东 深圳 518073;
    2.深圳市现场流行病学培训项目;
    3.龙岗区现场流行病学培训项目;
    4.深圳市疾病预防控制中心;
    5.深圳市龙岗区园山公共卫生服务中心
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-17 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-06-05
  • 通讯作者: 于碧鲲,E-mail:4308714@qq.com
  • 作者简介:卢文海(1994—),男,硕士研究生,主管医师,研究方向为传染病流行病学
  • 基金资助:
    深圳市龙岗区医疗卫生科技计划项目(LGWJ2024-122)

Spatiotemporal clustering of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Longgang District, Shenzhen, from 2014 to 2024

Lu Wenhai1,2, Chen Xiaoyan1, Yang Nannan1,3, Song Lixia2,4, Meng Zejing1, Li Zhiyuan3,5, Lu Chunru1, Yu Bikun1   

  1. 1. Pingdi Public Health Service Center, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518073, China;
    2. Shenzhen Field Epidemiology Training Program;
    3. Longgang District Field Epidemiology Training Program;
    4. Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention;
    5. Yuanshan Public Health Service Center, Longgang District, Shenzhen
  • Received:2025-03-17 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-06-05

摘要: 目的 探讨2014—2024年深圳市龙岗区手足口病季节性特征,分析新冠疫情对手足口病季节特征的影响,为手足口病预警和防控工作提供科学依据。方法 使用基于Loess的季节性趋势分解法(Seasonal and Trend decomposition using Loess,STL)、季节指数法、集中度分析法、圆形分布法对2014—2024年龙岗区手足口病季节性特征进行分析。结果 2014—2024年深圳市龙岗区手足口病年发病率为61.67/10万~709.45/10万,新冠疫情前、新冠疫情后的龙岗区手足口病发病率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.36,P>0.05)。STL、季节指数法显示龙岗区手足口病呈现5—7、9—10月双高峰流行特征,新冠疫情前主要呈双峰分布,新冠疫情期间(除2021年外)及新冠疫情后主要以单峰分布为主且强度较往年有所增强。集中度法显示2014—2024年手足口病发病有一定季节性(集中度M值为0.461),而去除新冠期间(2020—2022年)数据后,则具有较强季节性(集中度M值为0.501)。圆形分布法显示,r=0.08,a=210.91°(Z=638.93>Z0.001,P<0.01),流行高峰日为6月15日,发病高峰期为4月11日至8月20日。结论 2014—2024年深圳市龙岗区手足口病发病具有一定季节性特征,呈现5—7、9—10月双高峰流行,但新冠疫情后季节特征呈单峰分布,应关注这种特征的变化及持续时间,及时调整相应防控措施。

关键词: 手足口病, 基于Loess的季节性趋势分解法, 季节指数法, 集中度法, 圆形分布法

Abstract: Objective To investigate the seasonal characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Longgang District, Shenzhen, from 2014 to 2024, and to analyze the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on these seasonal patterns, with the aim of providing a scientific basis for the early warning and prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Seasonal and Trend decomposition using Loess (STL), the seasonal index method, concentration analysis, and circular distribution were employed to analyze the seasonal characteristics of HFMD in Longgang District from 2014 to 2024. Results The annual incidence rate of HFMD in Longgang District between 2014 and 2024 ranged from 61.67/100 000 to 709.45/100 000. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of HFMD before and after the COVID-19 pandemic (χ2=1.36, P>0.05). Both the STL and seasonal index methods revealed a bimodal epidemic pattern for HFMD in Longgang District, with peaks occurring from May to July and from September to October. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, a bimodal distribution was predominant. However, during the pandemic (with the exception of 2021) and in the post-pandemic period, a unimodal distribution was primarily observed, and its intensity was greater than in previous years. Concentration analysis indicated a certain degree of seasonality in the incidence of HFMD from 2014 to 2024 (concentration value M=0.461). Upon exclusion of data from the COVID-19 period (2020-2022), a stronger seasonality was observed (concentration value M=0.501). Circular distribution analysis yielded r=0.08 and α=210.91°(Z=638.93>Z0.001,P<0.001), with the epidemic peak day identified as June 15th and the peak period extending from April 11th to August 20th. Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Longgang District, Shenzhen, exhibited distinct seasonal characteristics from 2014 to 2024, with a bimodal epidemic pattern in May-July and September-October. Nevertheless, the seasonal pattern shifted to a unimodal distribution following the COVID-19 pandemic. It is imperative to monitor this change in characteristics and its duration to facilitate the timely adjustment of corresponding prevention and control measures.

Key words: Hand, foot, and mouth disease, Seasonal and Trend decomposition using Loess (STL), Seasonal index method, Concentration analysis, Circular distribution

中图分类号: 

  • R183.4