华南预防医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (7): 796-800.doi: 10.12183/j.scjpm.2026.0796

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2014—2023年重庆市沙坪坝区其他感染性腹泻病流行特征分析和趋势预测

胡倩, 徐茜, 杨连建, 支倩   

  1. 重庆市沙坪坝区疾病预防控制中心,重庆 400038
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-24 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-08-07
  • 通讯作者: 支倩,E-mail:18686562@qq.com
  • 作者简介:胡倩(1997—),女,硕士研究生,主管医师,主要研究方向为传染病预防控制
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市公共卫生重点学(专)科; 重庆市沙坪坝区2025年度技术创新与应用发展项目(2025187)

Epidemiological characteristics and trend prediction of other infectious diarrhea in Shapingba District, Chongqing, 2014-2023

Hu Qian, Xu Qian, Yang Lianjian, Zhi Qian   

  1. Shapingba District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400038, China
  • Received:2025-08-24 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-07

摘要: 目的 分析重庆市沙坪坝区其他感染性腹泻病(OID)流行特征和预测发病趋势,为科学防控提供理论参考。方法 基于2014—2023年沙坪坝区OID数据,使用描述性流行病学方法和空间自相关方法分析疾病特征,趋势分析使用Joinpoint回归,趋势预测使用乘积季节性差分自回归滑动平均模型(Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model,SARIMA)和BP神经网络模型(Back Propagation Neural Network,BPNN)。结果 2014—2023年沙坪坝区累计报告病例为40 377例,年均报告发病率为331.78/10万。全人群报告发病率2014—2018年呈现上升趋势(APC=10.30%,P=0.14),2018—2023年呈显著下降趋势(APC=-11.88%,P=0.02)。发病呈明显双峰分布,主峰为11月至次年2月,次峰为6—8月。男性年均报告发病率为361.45/10万高于女性的312.71/10万(χ2=6 740,P<0.05)。以5岁以下儿童为主,轮状病毒为优势病原。BPNN的MAERMSE均小于SARIMA模型,BPNN预测2024年11月—2025年1月将出现高峰,月发病率为26.54/10万~31.73/10万。结论 沙坪坝区OID流行病学疾病负担仍为严重,应持续做好监测预警、风险评估和健康宣教工作。BPNN模型在OID发病预测中效果优于SARIMA模型。

关键词: 腹泻, 轮状病毒, 空间分析, 回归分析, 时间序列分析, 神经网络

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and forecast the incidence trends of other infectious diarrhea (OID) in the Shapingba District of Chongqing, in order to provide an empirical basis for evidence-based prevention and control strategies. Methods Utilizing OID surveillance data from 2014 to 2023 in Shapingba District, this study employed descriptive epidemiological and spatial autocorrelation methods to characterize the disease patterns. Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to assess temporal trends. Furthermore, a Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model and a Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) model were developed and compared for forecasting future incidence. Results A cumulative total of 40 377 OID cases were reported in Shapingba District from 2014 to 2023, corresponding to an average annual incidence rate of 331.78 per 100 000 population. The overall reported incidence exhibited an increasing trend from 2014 to 2018 (APC=10.30%, P=0.14), followed by a significant decreasing trend from 2018 to 2023 (APC=-11.88%, P=0.02). The disease displayed a distinct bimodal seasonal distribution, with a primary peak from November to February and a secondary peak from June to August. The average annual reported incidence was significantly higher in males (361.45/100 000) than in females (312.71/100 000) (χ²=6 740, P<0.05). Children under five years of age constituted the most affected population group, and rotavirus was the predominant etiological agent. In a comparative evaluation of predictive models, the BPNN model demonstrated superior performance, with lower MAE and RMSE values than the SARIMA model. The BPNN model forecasts an epidemic peak between November 2024 and January 2025, with projected monthly incidence rates ranging from 26.54 to 31.73 per 100 000 population. Conclusion The epidemiological burden of OID in Shapingba District remains substantial, warranting sustained implementation of surveillance, early warning systems, risk assessment, and health education initiatives. The BPNN model proves to be a more effective tool for forecasting OID incidence compared to the SARIMA model.

Key words: Diarrhea, Rotavirus, Spatial analysis, Regression analysis, Time series analysis, Neural networks

中图分类号: 

  • R183.4