天津市冬季PM2.5中多环芳烃来源及健康风险评价

doi:10.13217/j.scjpm.2016.0025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨天津市冬季大气细颗粒物多环芳烃的污染特征和来源，并对城乡人群进行健康风险评估。方法采集天津市市区、市郊和农村3个居民社区2014年12月至2015年2月间的PM2.5样本，用称重法和气相色谱质谱联用法分别检测PM2.5的质量浓度和16种多环芳烃的浓度。采用特征比值法分析其分布特征和来源，并运用美国环保局推荐的模型对人群健康风险进行评估，进一步比较不同地区人群的健康风险。结果天津市市区、市郊和农村地区在冬季分别采集PM2.5样本各39份，合计117份样本。市区冬季PM2.5质量浓度为（78.83±56.56）μg/m3，市郊为（117.42±91.43）μg/m3，农村地区为（193.94±148.66）μg/m3，不同地区间差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01），农村地区空气污染物PM2.5质量浓度高于市区和市郊（均P＜0.01）。16种多环芳烃共检出13种，13种多环芳烃在3个区域间的质量浓度差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.01），农村地区13种多环芳烃的浓度明显高于市区和市郊（均P＜0.01）。市区、市郊和农村地区冬季多环芳烃的主要污染源为燃煤污染和汽油燃烧排放，市郊和农村地区冬季多环芳烃还存在生物物质燃烧排放的污染来源。多环芳烃毒性等效浓度的范围为0.000~93.100 ng/m3，总毒性等效浓度的范围为7.624~143.569 ng/m3。市区、市郊和农村大气PM2.5中多环芳烃污染所致成人和儿童非致癌健康风险均较低，致癌风险农村地区高于市区和市郊，农村地区致癌风险成人高于儿童，分别为36.11×10-6和16.23×10-6。结论天津市冬季PM2.5中多环芳烃污染的主要来源为燃煤和汽油燃烧排放，多环芳烃对人群不存在非致癌健康风险，但苯并［a］芘对农村地区人群可能造成一定健康风险。

Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the source and level of pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 in winter of Tianjin, and assess the health risk to urban and rural population. MethodsFrom December 2014 to February 2015, ambient PM2.5 samples were collected in Tianjin urban, suburb, and rural areas, separately. Concentrations of PM2.5 and 16 kinds of PAHs were detected by weighing method and gas chromatography mass spectrometry separately. Distribution characteristics and sources of PAHs were analyzed using ratio method. The health risk to population was evaluated by the model recommended by EPA, and further compared among different groups of population. ResultsA total of 117 samples were collected from urban, suburban, and rural areas (39 samples for each area) in winter of Tianjin. The concentrations of PM2.5 were (78.83±56.56) μg/m3, (117.42±91.43) μg/m3 , and (193.94±148.66) μg/m3 in urban, suburban, and rural areas, respectively (P＜0.01). The concentrations of PM2.5 in rural areas were higher than those in urban and suburban (both P＜0.01). There were 13 kinds of PAHs were detected in 16 species. There were statistically significant differences in the mass concentrations of 13 kinds of PAHs in the three areas (P＜0.01). The contents of 13 kinds of PAHs in rural areas were significantly higher than those in urban and suburban (both P＜0.01). It was found that coal combustion and petrol combustion were major sources of PAHs in the three areas in winter. The pollution sources of biomass burning were also found in suburban and rural areas in winter. The range of equivalent concentrations and total toxicity equivalent concentrations of PAHs in PM2.5 were 0.000-93.100ng/m3 and 7.624-143.569 ng/m3, respectively. Carcinogenic risks of atmospheric PM2.5 pollution induced by PAHs to adults and children were low in the urban, suburban, and rural areas. The carcinogenic risk was higher in rural area than that in urban and suburb. The carcinogenic risk to the adults was higher than that to the children in rural area (36.11×10-6 and 16.23×10-6, respectively). ConclusionThe main sources of PAHs pollution in PM2.5 were coal combustion and gasoline emission in winter in rural area of Tianjin. The carcinogenic risk of PAHs to population did not exist, but BaP could be health risk to rural population.

中图分类号:

R122

赵岩，冯利红，李建平，王玉雯，刘洪亮. 天津市冬季PM2.5中多环芳烃来源及健康风险评价[J]. 华南预防医学, 2016, 42(1): 25-31.

ZHAO Yan, FENG Li-hong, LI Jian-ping, WANG Yu-wen, LIU Hong-liang. Source and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in winter of Tianjin[J]. S China J Prev Med, 2016, 42(1): 25-31.

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