Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its associated risk factors within a population undergoing routine health examinations. Methods A systematic literature search was con⁃ducted across seven databases—CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane—to identify relevant studies published between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2024. The Meta-analysis of the selected literature was per⁃formed using Review Manager 5.4 software. Results A total of 19 studies were ultimately included in the analysis. The pooled results of the Meta-analysis indicated that the prevalence of NAFLD in the health examination population was 27.80% (95% CI: 18.80%-36.80%). Significant risk factors for the development of NAFLD in this cohort included high body mass in⁃dex, obesity/central obesity, increased waist circumference, advanced age, dyslipidemia, hypertension, abnormal liver func⁃tion, glycemic abnormalities, hematological irregularities, and adverse lifestyle habits. Conclusions This Meta-analysis con⁃firms that individuals undergoing routine health examinations represent a key demographic for the prevention and control of NAFLD, confronting a significant disease burden. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is strongly associated with multiple Metabolic abnormalities and detrimental lifestyle factors, which underscores the urgency of implementing early screening protocols and systematic health management. It is recommended that comprehensive monitoring of Metabolic indicators—including body weight, lipid profiles, and blood glucose levels—be integrated into standard health examinations. Furthermore, strengthening lifestyle interventions is crucial for enhancing the efficacy of NAFLD prevention and management strategies.

Key words: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Prevalence, Risk factors, Meta-Analysis, Obesity, Metabolic abnormalities