Abstract: Objective To explore the prevalence and related risk factors of dyslipidemia among adults in Guangdong Province, and to provide evidence for prevention and intervention of dyslipidemia. Methods In habitants aged 18 years and over were chosen by using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from 6 counties in Guangdong Province in 2010. Questionnaire survey (demographics, smoking, drinking, diet, physical activity, etc.), medical examination (measurement of weight, height, and blood pressure), and biochemical detection [triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and blood sugar] were conducted among the residents. Models of the univariate and multivariate non-conditional logistic regressions were used to analyze the risk factors of dyslipidemia. Results A total of 3577 people were surveyed. Of them, 1615 were males (average age 50.28±14.05 years) and 1962 females (average age 49.21±13.51 years). The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 60.7% (2173/3577), the standardized prevalence rate was 56.0%. The prevalence rates in men (68.9%, 1113/1615) was higher than that in women (54.0%, 1060/1962) (P<0.01). The prevalences in urban and rural populations were 61.0% (1088/1785) and 60.5% (1085/1792) (P>0.05). The prevalences of isolated hypercholesterolemia, mixed hyperlipidemia (elevated TC and triglycerides), isolated hypertriglyceridemia and isolated low HDL-C were 2.5% (standardized prevalence rate 4.1%), 1.9% (standardized prevalence rate 3.3%), 4.5% (standardized prevalence rate 5.0%) and 57.3% (standardized prevalence rate 49.9%), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that overweight (OR=1.554), obesity (OR=2.321), centra lobesity (OR=1.300), smoking [the mild smoking group (OR=2.189), moderate smoking group (OR=2.042), heavy smoking group (OR=1.874)] and vegetables intake < 300 grams/day (OR=1.389) were the risk factors, and the lighter weight groups (OR=0.539), vigorous physical activity (OR=0.601) and moderate physical activity (OR=0.658) were the protective factors for dyslipidemia in Guangdong. Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia has been in a high level among residents aged 18 years old and over in Guangdong Province and the hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C were the most predominant. Strengthening measures should be taken to prevent the people from getting dyslipidemia.