Objective To define vulnerable groups to heat stroke during the heat wave in Guangdong Province, and to provide scientific evidence for taking measures to protect the population. Methods Subjects were selected by a four-stage sampling method in five cities in Guangdong Province and interviewed in their homes with a structured questionnaire by well trained investigators from September to November, 2010. The questionnaire contained socio-demographic characteristics, heat wave related knowledge, and adaptation behaviors to heat wave. Chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis were employed to analyze the influencing factors of heat stroke among the residents of Guangdong Province. Results A total of 2183 adults were selected. Their average age was (39.31±14.16)years. Of them, 1165 (53.37%) were male and 1018 (46.63%) were female; 1064 (48.74%) were in urban area and 1119(51.26%) in rural area. The overall incidence of heat stroke was 6.8% (149/2183). The incidence rates of heat stroke were 11.4% (58/507) for groups conducting animal husbandry and fishery, 10.1% (113/1119) in rural area, and 11.2% (75/671) for low income (<1000Yuan/month), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). So they were the vulnerable groups to heat stroke. Results of unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that the risks of heat stroke for groups conducting animal husbandry and fishery, in rural area, and low income ware 2.40 times, 2.62 times, and 2.48 times of other groups. The overall health risk perception mean score was (4.21 ± 1.47). 38.11% (832/2183) of participants heard about heat wave and the average fitness score was(4.80 ±2.39). Conclusion The incidence of heat stroke was high during the heat wave in Guangdong Province. The groups with low socioeconomic status and in rural area were vulnerable to heat stroke and would need special protection.

Objective To analyze epidemic characteristics of secondhand smoke (SHS), public perception for hazard of tobacco, and attitude toward anti-smoking legislation in Guangdong, to provide sci-entific basis for tobacco control. Methods Randomized cluster sampling method was used to investigate families in 10 districts of 5 cities in Guangdong. Residents aged 15-69 were surveyed by using standard questionnaire, including smoking patterns, exposure to SHS, public perception for hazard of tobacco, and attitude toward anti-smoking legislation. Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of the rates. Results A total of 2121 valid questionnaires were retrieved. It showed that the smoking rate was 23.3% (494/2121) among the residents aged 15 or above, 42.4% (470/1108) for male and 2.4% (24/1013) for female (P<0.01). The rate in urban and rural areas were 20.4% (213/1046) and 26.1% (281/1075) (P<0.05) respectively. 63.8% (1038/1627) of nonsmokers were suffering from the exposure to SHS, including 63.2% (403/638) male and 64.2% (635/989) female. The rates of SHS exposure were 62.2% (518/833) in urban area and 65.5% (520/794) in rural area. 64.3% (667/1038) of passive smokers were exposed to SHS everyday. There was significant difference of the smoking rates in different types of places (P<0.01). The smoking rates were 61.6% (1306/2121), 59.8% (655/1096), and 78.7% (754/959) at house, work places and restaurants of the public places, respectively. Conclusion The exposure to SHS in public places, workplace, and home was severe in residents of Guangdong Province. So that KABP (knowledge, attitude, belief and practice) for tobacco control should be improved. Meanwhile, the anti-smoking legislation in work place and public places should be speeded up while promoting the cognition of SHS and creating smoke-free environment.

Objective To explore the prevalence and related risk factors of dyslipidemia among adults in Guangdong Province, and to provide evidence for prevention and intervention of dyslipidemia. Methods In habitants aged 18 years and over were chosen by using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from 6 counties in Guangdong Province in 2010. Questionnaire survey (demographics, smoking, drinking, diet, physical activity, etc.), medical examination (measurement of weight, height, and blood pressure), and biochemical detection [triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and blood sugar] were conducted among the residents. Models of the univariate and multivariate non-conditional logistic regressions were used to analyze the risk factors of dyslipidemia. Results A total of 3577 people were surveyed. Of them, 1615 were males (average age 50.28±14.05 years) and 1962 females (average age 49.21±13.51 years). The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 60.7% (2173/3577), the standardized prevalence rate was 56.0%. The prevalence rates in men (68.9%, 1113/1615) was higher than that in women (54.0%, 1060/1962) (P<0.01). The prevalences in urban and rural populations were 61.0% (1088/1785) and 60.5% (1085/1792) (P>0.05). The prevalences of isolated hypercholesterolemia, mixed hyperlipidemia (elevated TC and triglycerides), isolated hypertriglyceridemia and isolated low HDL-C were 2.5% (standardized prevalence rate 4.1%), 1.9% (standardized prevalence rate 3.3%), 4.5% (standardized prevalence rate 5.0%) and 57.3% (standardized prevalence rate 49.9%), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that overweight (OR=1.554), obesity (OR=2.321), centra lobesity (OR=1.300), smoking [the mild smoking group (OR=2.189), moderate smoking group (OR=2.042), heavy smoking group (OR=1.874)] and vegetables intake < 300 grams/day (OR=1.389) were the risk factors, and the lighter weight groups (OR=0.539), vigorous physical activity (OR=0.601) and moderate physical activity (OR=0.658) were the protective factors for dyslipidemia in Guangdong. Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia has been in a high level among residents aged 18 years old and over in Guangdong Province and the hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C were the most predominant. Strengthening measures should be taken to prevent the people from getting dyslipidemia.

Objective To explore the relationship of workplace safety atmosphere with smoking behavior of workers. Methods Using convenient sampling methods, male workers in 33 manufacturing enterprises were surveyed by attributional style questionnaires during November 2010 to May 2011 in Nanhai District, Foshan City. The workers self-reported their workplace-related characteristics, including demographic characteristic, safety atmosphere, and smoking behavior. Results A total of 3326 valid questionnaires were retrieved. Of them, 1303 workers were smokers, with a smoking rate of 39.2%, aged at (31.3±8.8) years old. 64% (1999/3122) of them were married, 57.4% (1878/3270) with junior education, and 48.6% (1559/3208) had the income of 1001-2000 Yuan/month. The mean scores of four dimensions of perception for security atmosphere, i.e., “Safety warnings and protection”, “Safety training”, “Managers’ attitude towards safety” and “Colleagues’ attitude towards safety”, were (7.36±0.72) (outof9), (10.21±0.85) (outof13), (7.69±0.76) (outof9), (4.71±0.24) (outof5), respectively in 33 surveyed enterprises. The multilevel logistic regression model was employed, adjusting for age, marital status, and education. The male workers with higher scores of “Safety warnings and protection” had lower smoking rate (OR=0.59). The workers with higher “Safety training” scores had higher smoking rate (OR=1.35). Neither the “Managers’ attitude toward safety” nor the “Colleagues’ attitude toward safety” had statistical significant association with smoking behavior. Conclusion Smoking behavior was influenced by the workplace safety atmosphere, indicating that we should enhance the tobacco controlling among manufacturing workers through improving the safety atmosphere.

Objective To identify knowledge about adverse health effects of tobacco and to examine the support for smoke-free policy in Shantou. Methods Waiting passengers in large-scale bus terminals were selected by purposive sampling method. Face-to-face questionnaire survey were conducted to examine demographic information, cigarette smoking habit, knowledge about adverse health effects of smoking, awareness of smoking bans and support for smoke-free policy. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the attitude towards smoking bans in public places. Results A total of 502 waiting passengers were surveyed. Among them, 81.9% (411/502) were male and 18.1% (91/502) were female. 60.6% (304/502) were under 30 years old. 88.5% (431/487) knew that smoking was harmful to health. The proportion of respondents who knew that smoking could cause lung cancer was 73.2% (357/488), much higher than that of coronary heart disease (19.5%, 95/488) and stroke (6.6%, 32/488), respectively. 69.0% (339/491) knew that secondhand smoke could cause lung cancer, while 22.4% (110/491) knew about coronary heart disease. 96.6% (475/502) of the respondents agreed with the smoke bans in pubic places. However, only 6.9% (31/447) knew about the policy for smoke-free places. 48.7% (242/497) believed that legislation could effectively ban smoking in public places. 46.9% (233/497) selected severe fines and 39.8% (198/497) selected tobacco harm education. 29.2% (145/497) approved of providing free quit-smoking products. 26.2% (130/497) selected bans on tobacco advertising and 18.9% (94/497) selected raising taxes on tobacco. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education (OR=12.283), knowledge about health hazards of smoking (OR=5.267) and awareness of smoking bans (OR=0.357) were associated with support for on smoking bans in pubic places. Conclusion Respondents in Shantou were strongly supportive of smoking bans in public places. Support for smoke-free public settings is associated with education, knowledge about health hazards of smoking and awareness of smoking bans. Policy makers should proactively utilize this unique feature to implement effective and potentially well-accepted smoking ban program in Shantou.

Objective To understand the epidemiologic situation of influenza-like illness (ILI) and influenza outbreak, and the variation of influenza virus, analyze the epidemiologic characteristics and influence factors, to take proper action for prevention and control of influenza. Methods Epidemic data of ILI and outbreaks between 2004 and 2011 were analyzed. Binomial logistic classification regression was used to analyze the influence factors of outbreaks; Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the reporting time of the first ILI case and the duration of whole event. Results A total of 66 outbreaks of ILI and influenza were reported in Foshan City from 2004 to 2011. The peak of influenza outbreaks was from March to June (57.58%, 38/66). Schools and kindergartens reported 61 influenza outbreaks (92.42%). Influenza A (H3N2) and influenza A (H1N1), and influenza B were the main virus types and caused 13, 14 and 19 outbreaks, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed whether reporting the outbreaks through the ＂Student healthcare information systems＂ were statistically significant relating with the outbreak of rate levels (OR=0.256) and duration (OR=0.281) (P<0.05). Reporting via ＂Student healthcare information system＂ was a protective factor in the outbreak. The duration of the occurrence of the first ILI case to the reporting time was positively related with the duration of whole event (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.576, P<0.01). Conclusion The peaks of influenza outbreaks were mainly from March to June in Foshan City. The schools and childcare facilities are high-risk areas for influenza outbreak. To enhance disease surveillance and establish the school childcare facilities reporting system and platform, actively carryout health education, and promote influenza vaccination are conducive to contain the outbreaks timely.