Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship of workplace safety atmosphere with smoking behavior of workers. Methods Using convenient sampling methods, male workers in 33 manufacturing enterprises were surveyed by attributional style questionnaires during November 2010 to May 2011 in Nanhai District, Foshan City. The workers self-reported their workplace-related characteristics, including demographic characteristic, safety atmosphere, and smoking behavior. Results A total of 3326 valid questionnaires were retrieved. Of them, 1303 workers were smokers, with a smoking rate of 39.2%, aged at (31.3±8.8) years old. 64% (1999/3122) of them were married, 57.4% (1878/3270) with junior education, and 48.6% (1559/3208) had the income of 1001-2000 Yuan/month. The mean scores of four dimensions of perception for security atmosphere, i.e., “Safety warnings and protection”, “Safety training”, “Managers’ attitude towards safety” and “Colleagues’ attitude towards safety”, were (7.36±0.72) (outof9), (10.21±0.85) (outof13), (7.69±0.76) (outof9), (4.71±0.24) (outof5), respectively in 33 surveyed enterprises. The multilevel logistic regression model was employed, adjusting for age, marital status, and education. The male workers with higher scores of “Safety warnings and protection” had lower smoking rate (OR=0.59). The workers with higher “Safety training” scores had higher smoking rate (OR=1.35). Neither the “Managers’ attitude toward safety” nor the “Colleagues’ attitude toward safety” had statistical significant association with smoking behavior. Conclusion Smoking behavior was influenced by the workplace safety atmosphere, indicating that we should enhance the tobacco controlling among manufacturing workers through improving the safety atmosphere.