Abstract: Objective To survey and confirm the invasion, breeding, and distribution of Biomphalaria straminea in mainland of China so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of the spread of schistosomiasis mansoni. Methods According to report clues, Biomphalaria straminea habitat characteristics, water system, and geographical position, breeding and distribution of Biomphalaria straminea , vegetation, and water quality were surveyed and analyze by the method of field investigation from 1981 to 1982 and 2012 to 2013. Results Snails collected in a fish pond in Luohu, Shenzhen City were confirmed as the Biomphalaria straminea in 1981, as the first report in mainland of China. From 1981 to 1982, about 4 030 m2 of Biomphalaria straminea breeding places were found in six fish ponds and one sewage pond, 300 m long in three ditches interlinked with Shenzhen river, 1 000 m away from the junction of Shenzhen Luohu and the New Territories of Hong Kong to Shenzhen river, and 1 000 m away from the junction to Shenzhen People's Park, but not found in the other 9 communes (towns, streets) and 11 counties of Shenzhen. Analysis of the water quality showed neutral and alkaline water was suitable for the breeding of Biomphalaria straminea . Chloride content was 9.0-94.0 mg/L, total hardness was 44.8-142.8 mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen was 0.02-1.50 mg/L in the water with more alive Biomphalarias . Most of them lived in the pond, ditch, and river with rich humus, along the waterside, attached to the floating object, and were mainly found in lower river section and at the outlet with slow water flow. In 2012 and 2013, alive biomphalaria straminea were found at 9 rivers, including rivers of Yantian, Kuicong, and Dasha in Shenzhen, Shima River in Dongguan, and Danshui River in Huiyang, etc. Conclusion Biomphalaria straminea breeding was first confirmed in Shenzhen, China in 1981 with limited area; as spreading along the rivers of surrounding areas, it has now spread to part rivers in cities of Dongguan and Huizhou adjacent to Shenzhen.