Abstract: Objective To explore predictive diagnosis value of serum interleukin-33 (IL-33) for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its relative influencing factors.Methods Participants were recruited from check up crowd in physical examination center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from October 2012 to January 2013.One hundred and forty subjects meeting the diagnostic criteria of NAFLD were selected as the case group and 140 healthy individuals who were non-drinkers, without cardiovascular disease or other chronic diseases, explicitly excluded from NAFLD, and matched to cases on gender and age, were taken as the control group.Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and blood pressure were measured and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in fasting venous blood, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), blood uric acid, and serum IL-33 were tested in both groups.Multivariate unconditional logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were employed to determine the association between IL-33 and NAFLD.ResultsThe average age of the 140 NAFLD cases (87 males and 53 females) was (54.51±9.08) years (mean±SD) and that of the 140 controls (76 males and 64 females), (52.69±9.22) years.There were no statistically significant differences in age and gender between the two groups (P＞0.05 for both).Compared with controls, the NAFLD cases had significantly higher levels of SBP, DBP, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, ALT, TG, and UA, but lower HDL-C (P＜0.01 for all).The prevalence rates of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and hyperuricemia were significantly higher in the NAFLD case group than those in the control group (P＜0.01 for all).The serum IL-33 level in NAFLD case group (［3.92±1.96］ pg/mL） was higher than that in the control group (［1.92±1.31］ pg/mL），P＜0.01.High levels of IL-33 (OR= 3.678)，ALT (OR=1.091), TG (OR=2.557)，obesity (OR=6.437), and hypertension (OR=2 383) might be the risk factors of NAFLD, while high level of HDL-C (OR=0 069)might be the beneficial factor.The areas under ROC curve of IL-33，ALT，TG，HDL-C，and BMI for predictive diagnosis of NAFLD were 0.819，0.665，0.749，0.720，and 0.776, respectively (P＜0.01 for all).Conclusion As an independent risk factor for NAFLD, IL-33 played an important role in the development of NAFLD and has a high diagnosis value for it.