Abstract: ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its risk factors among urban residents in Chongqing Municipality, so as to provide the evidence for MS prevention and control.MethodsResidents aged 18 years and above were selected by stratified multi-stage cluster sampling from 9 districts and counties from November 2013 to May 2014. Contents of the survey included questionnaire interview, physical examination, and laboratory test. The multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors associated with MS of the subjects.ResultsA total of 2 500 urban residents were interviewed. Their average age was (55.59±14.18) years. The females accounted for 62.24% of the total participants. The crude prevalence and standardization prevalence of MS were 21.24% and 14.58%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the age (OR=1.21) ，harmful alcohol used in the past 12 months (OR=2.20) and over intake of oil (OR=2.13) were independent risk factors of MS.ConclusionThe prevalence of MS among urban residents was high in Chongqing. Interventions should be taken against risk factors of harmful alcohol use and over intake of oil.