ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its risk factors among urban residents in Chongqing Municipality, so as to provide the evidence for MS prevention and control.MethodsResidents aged 18 years and above were selected by stratified multi-stage cluster sampling from 9 districts and counties from November 2013 to May 2014. Contents of the survey included questionnaire interview, physical examination, and laboratory test. The multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors associated with MS of the subjects.ResultsA total of 2 500 urban residents were interviewed. Their average age was (55.59±14.18) years. The females accounted for 62.24% of the total participants. The crude prevalence and standardization prevalence of MS were 21.24% and 14.58%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the age (OR=1.21) ，harmful alcohol used in the past 12 months (OR=2.20) and over intake of oil (OR=2.13) were independent risk factors of MS.ConclusionThe prevalence of MS among urban residents was high in Chongqing. Interventions should be taken against risk factors of harmful alcohol use and over intake of oil.

ObjectiveTo explore epidemiological characteristics of product-related injury and to provide the basis for making product injury interventions. MethodsThe Fifth Affiliated (Zhuhai) Hospital of Zunyi Medical College in Doumen District, Zhuhai City was taken as a sentinel surveillance hospital and information about the first confirmed cases diagnosed as the injury caused by products was collected from 2012 to 2015. Surveillance contents included general information (name, gender, age, household registration, educational level, occupation), basic situation of the injury (injury time, place, cause, activity when the injury occurred), and the product-related information of injury. ResultsA total of 19 342 cases of injury associated with products were found among 48 003 injury cases reported by the hospital from 2012 to 2015, accounting for 40.3% of the total injuries. Of all the cases of product-related injury, 13 743 were males and 5 599 females, with a male to female ratio of 2.45∶1; the highest proportion of product-related injury was in group aged 15-44 years (71.2%), 45.9% had educational level of junior high school, 21.9% engaged in business services and 19.0% in production of transport, and 49.3% had household registration of the city (county) (all P < 0.01). The top three products involved with injury were transportation tools (66.0%), household wares (12.8%), and food/drink/drugs and related products (7.0%). The top three leading causes were road traffic injuries (64.6%), knife/sharp instrument injury (14.7%), and poisoning (8.8%). Injury locations mainly focused on the road/street (66.3%), at homes (9.8%), and public residences (8.4%). Main activities when the injury occurred were driving and riding vehicles (54.5%) and leisure (31.9%).ConclusionThe product-related injury was mainly the road traffic injury by means of transportation in Doumen District, Zhuhai. The group with local household registration, male, aged 15-44 years, educational level of junior high school, engaged in business services and production transportation were the main victims of the product-related injury. The prevention and control of product-related injury should be focused on the transportation.

ObjectiveTo establish a scientific evaluation index system for regional food safety, so as to provide scientific basis for the future evaluation of regional food safety assessment.MethodsLiterature analysis was used to establish evaluation index system and experts’ consultation questionnaire was formed. Delphi method was used to modify the formed evaluation system and analytic hierarchy process was used to establish the weight.ResultsTwenty-six experts conducted the first round of expert consultation survey and 23 for the second. Their average age were （52.5±7.65） and （53.2±7.59）years, and average working ages were 27.88 and 28.17 years, respectively. The positive coefficients of the two rounds of Delphi were 90.0% and 82.1%, the expert authority coefficient was 0.786, and the coordination coefficient was 0.748. The final evaluation index system included 9 first-level indicators of social basic situation, environmental pollution, environmental management, food supervision, planting and breeding, food production and management, food consumption, emergency disposal, and social concern, and 26 second-level ones.ConclusionThe regional food safety evaluation index system has been preliminarily established, with reasonable structure and comprehensive contents, reflecting the core information of regional food safety evaluation, and can provide a basis and reference for the evaluation of regional food safety status.

ObjectiveTo analyze the spatial distribution pattern of sampling locations of food safety risk surveillance.MethodsData were collected from 281 sampling sites of vegetables and their products for food safety risk surveillance of 22 monitoring cities in a province in 2015. The sampling location data were converted into latitude and longitude coordinates by GIS Geocoding technology, and then, a sampling location thematic map was created. After calculating the average nearest neighbor distance of the sampling location, the nearest neighbor index (NNI), namely the ratio of the average nearest neighbor distance to the expected value of the nearest neighbor distance of sampling location in each monitoring city, was calculated to analyze the pattern of the spatial distribution pattern.ResultsThe NNIs of the sampling locations of the 22 monitoring cities ranged from 0.002-1.086, with an average NNI of 0.335. The NNIs were less than 0.1 in 18% (4/22) monitoring cities, ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 in 68%（15/22）cities, ranged from 0.5 to 1 in 9%（2/22）cities, and were bigger than 1 in 5% (1/22) cities. Spatial randomness test showed that only one city's P value was greater than 0.05 (NNI=1.086，Z=0.57，P=0.28), while the NNIs of the remaining 21 cities were less than 1, P<0.05.ConclusionThe samples of these cities were neither random nor independent, and the bias would be caused using the classical statistical method to infer the overall pollution situation. The nearest neighbor spatial analysis method can analyze the spatial distribution pattern of sampling locations in different cities, and find the cluster sampling locations, to avoid biased sample data and improve the scientific level of sampling scheme for food safety risk monitoring.

ObjectiveTo monitor the pollution of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in shellfish in Shenzhen sea area and assess the risk of dietary exposure.MethodsSeven species of shellfish, i.e., red oysters, clams, abalone, mussels, scallop, oyster, and pearl shell, were collected every month for two consecutive years from 2015 to 2016 in Tung Chung, Xie Xia, Yang Meikeng, and Pearl Island of Shenzhen Bay. The contents of Pb and Cd were detected, and the differences of Pb and Cd contents in shellfish species, season and monitoring sites were analyzed.ResultsA total of 221 shellfish samples were detected. Red oyster had the highest over standard rate of Pb (39.13%), followed by clam (17.78%), but other species of shellfish were not exceeding the standard of Pb. Scallops had the highest over standard rate of Cd (68.42%), followed by red oyster (56.52%) and pearl shell (9.09%), but other species of shellfish were not exceeding the standard of Cd. Judging from the single pollution index, the Cd in red oyster and scallop was light polluted. According to the integrated pollution index, the Pb was moderately polluted in the clam, light polluted in the red oyster; the Cd was moderately polluted in the red oyster and light polluted in the scallop. There were no significant differences in the monthly variation of Pb and Cd in shellfish. The contamination of Pb and Cd was serious in Xie Xia Bay, but less in Tung Chung Bay. The assessment result showed the dietary exposures to Ph and Cd were 0.485μg/person/week and 1.089 μg/person/week, respectively, far below the tolerated intake recommended by JECFA.ConclusionThe pollutions of Pb and Cd in shellfish are relatively low in Shenzhen sea area and the shellfish is relatively safe for food consumption.

ObjectiveTo investigate the status of social support, self care ability and quality of life among leprosy convalescents in leprosariums and analyze the correlation relativity between the former two and quality of life.MethodsEight leprosariums were randomly selected in Guangdong Province. All convalescents in the selected leprosariums were interviewed using questionnaires, including social support rating scale (SSRS), the exercise of self-care agency(ESCA) and short form 36-item questionnaire (SF-36). The correlation between variables was performed by canonical correlation analysis.ResultsA total of 346 convalescents were investigated，with an average age of（70.9±12.2）years. Of them, 63.87%（221/346） aged 60-80 years, 76.60%（265/346） were male, 60.69%（210/346）were unmarried, 68.20% （236/346）lost their work ability, and 59.70%（203/346） were partially or totally unable to take care of themselves. The scores in social support, self-care ability, and quality of life were 30.45±8.44, 98.95±28.17 (low level 1.45%, middle level 72.25%, high level 26.30%), and 52.35±27.16 (lower than norm,P<0.05), respectively. There were positive correlations between the quality of life and social support (the first canonical correlation coefficient r1=0.584, P<0.05), and self-care ability (the first canonical correlation coefficient r4=0.703, P<0.05).ConclusionLeprosy convalescents in leprosariums had poor quality of life. The governments and the leprosy control institutions at all levels should take measures to improve the convalescents’ social support, self care ability, and quality of life.

ObjectiveTo identify the awareness status of the knowledge about the healthy lifestyle action (HLA) for all and influencing factors in residents in Huizhou City.MethodsResidents aged 18 and over were selected in Huizhou using stratified random sampling method. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the knowledge about the HLA of the residents. The contents of the survey included the basic information of the residents, the relevant content of the HLA and the awareness of the core information related health knowledge. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze factors influencing HLA.ResultsA total of 6 956 participants were enrolled in this survey, including 6 288 Han nationality (95.3%); 3 396 males (48.8%) with an average age of (42.02±13.18) years; 3 560 females (51.2%) with an average age of (39.28±13.82) years. Of the participants, 57.0% were aged 18-40 years, and 50.3% (3 499/6 956) had educational level of the junior middle school, senior middle school or secondary vocational school. The proportions of urban and non-urban residents were 34.6% (2 407/6 956) and 65.4% (4 549/6 956) respectively. Awareness rates of "Action day", "Health 121", "Healthy lifestyle", and " Relationship between disease and healthy lifestyle" were 80.8%, 74.7%, 92.4%, and 72.7%; those of "Recommended intake of salt”, “Recommended intake of oil", "Recommended amount of physical activity ", "10 000 steps a day", "BMI index", "Adult weight index" were 75.1%, 40.8%, 69.0%, 78.2%, 58.6%, and 54.7%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that, compared with the group aged 18-30 years, groups aged 31-40, 41-50, 51-64, and over 65 years would have higher awareness rates of “Health 121” (OR=1.279, 1.458, 2.052, 2.754); compared with the participants with primary school education or below, those with educational level of junior middle school, senior middle school or secondary vocational school, college and above were more likely to have higher awareness rates of “Health 121” (OR=1.590, 2.273, 3.368); compared with the non-urban residents, urban residents were more likely to have higher awareness rate of “Health 121” (OR=1.798).ConclusionThe awareness rate of HLA was not high in Huizhou, and the age and education level were the main influencing factors.