河南省中牟县35~75岁居民心血管病高危现状及影响因素

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2021.1501

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析河南省中牟县35~75岁居民心血管病高危情况及影响因素,为防治心血管病提供借鉴资料。方法以国家心血管病早期筛查与综合干预项目为依托,将2016年1—12月河南省中牟县辖区内心血管病项目初筛数据中35~75岁居民作为研究对象进行问卷调查、体格检查及血生化指标检测,根据《中国心血管病报告2015》并应用China-PAR风险评估模型进行心血管病风险评估,采用描述流行病学分析方法对该人群心血管病高危现状进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对心血管高危影响因素进行分析。结果共对2 104名35~75岁居民进行研究,男性1 122人,女性982人;年龄35~75岁,平均（59.3±6.4）岁;BMI 17.1~27.4 kg/m²,平均（22.6±3.1）kg/m²。检出心血管病高危228例,心血管病高危人群检出率为10.84%。其中血压高型高危所占比例最高（36.84%）,其次为心血管病史型高危（26.32%）、患病风险≥20%型高危（20.18%）、血脂异常型高危（16.67%）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性（OR=2.499）、年龄越大（OR=2.795）、BMI≥24.0 kg/m²（OR=2.255）、居住地为农村（OR=2.044）、学历为初中及以下和高中或中专（OR=1.866、1.383）、饮酒超量（OR=1.994）、体育锻炼1~2次/周、≥3次/周（OR=0.581、0.489）是35~75岁居民心血管病高危的影响因素。结论河南省中牟县35~75岁居民心血管病高危人群检出率较高,其受到性别、年龄、BMI、居住地、学历、职业、饮酒、体育锻炼多种因素影响,需针对具有以上影响因素的人群加强宣教工作并重点筛查,做好心血管病早预防、早发现、早治疗,降低心血管病危害。

关键词: 心血管病, 高危人群, 筛查, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the high-risk status and influencing factors of cardiovascular disease among residents aged 35-75 in Zhongmou County, Henan Province, so as to provide reference data for prevention and control of cardiovascular disease. Methods Relying on the National Cardiovascular Disease Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention Project, people aged aged 35-75 from the preliminary screening data of the cardiovascular disease project in Zhongmou County, Henan Province from January to December 2016 were used as research subjects to conduct questionnaire surveys, physical fitness inspection and blood biochemical index detection. According to the “China Cardiovascular Disease Report 2015” and applying the China-PAR risk assessment model for cardiovascular disease risk assessment, using descriptive epidemiological analysis method to analyze the high-risk status of cardiovascular disease in this population, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the high-risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Results A total of 2 104 residents were studied, including 1 122 males and 982 females; aged 35-75 years, with an average of （59.3±6.4） years; body mass index （BMI） was 17.1 -27.4 kg/m², with an average of （22.6±3.1） kg/m². Among them, 228 cases of high-risk cardiovascular disease were detected, and the detection rate was 10.84%. Of which the high-risk of high blood pressure accounted for the highest proportion （36.84%）, followed by the high-risk of cardiovascular disease （26.32%）, the high-risk of disease risk ≥20% （20.18%）, and the high-risk of dyslipidemia （16.67%）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male （OR=2.499）, older age （OR=2.795）, BMI≥24.0 kg/m² （OR=2.255）, rural residence （OR=2.044）, junior high school and below and high school education or technical secondary school （OR=1.866, 1.383）, excessive drinking （OR=1.994）, physical exercise 1-2 times/week （OR=0.581） and ≥3 times/week （OR=0.489） were influencing factors of high-risk of cardiovascular disease among residents aged 37-75. Conclusion The detection rate of high-risk population of cardiovascular disease among residents aged 35-75 in Zhongmou County, Henan province is relatively high, it is affected by gender, age, BMI, residence, education, occupation, drinking and physical exercise. It is necessary to strengthen education and focus on screening for the population with the above influencing factors, and do a good job in early prevention, early detection and early treatment to reduce the harm of cardiovascular disease.

Key words: Cardiovascular disease, High-risk population, Screening, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R195.4

刘玉婷, 陈海瑞, 尚飞, 王凯娟. 河南省中牟县35~75岁居民心血管病高危现状及影响因素[J]. 华南预防医学, 2021, 47(12): 1501-1505.

LIU Yu-ting, CHEN Hai-rui, SHANG Fei, WANG Kai-juan. High-risk status and influencing factors of cardiovascular disease among residents aged 35-75 in Zhongmou County, Henan Province[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2021, 47(12): 1501-1505.

参考文献

[1] 马丽媛,吴亚哲,王文,等.《中国心血管病报告2017》要点解读[J].中国心血管杂志,2018,23(1):3-6.
[2] 中国心血管健康与疾病报告编写组.中国心血管健康与疾病报告2019概要[J].中国循环杂志,2020,35(9):833-854.
[3] 中国心血管病预防指南(2017)写作组,中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会.中国心血管病预防指南(2017)[J].中华心血管病杂志,2018,46(1):10-25.
[4] 吴超群,李希,路甲鹏,等.中国居民心血管疾病危险因素分布报告[J].中国循环杂志,2021,36(1):4-13.
[5] 何权瀛,高莹慧.关于吸烟问题若干名词定义[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2009,32(1):26-27.
[6] 中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南[M].拉萨:西藏人民出版社,2008:1-219.
[7] 国家体育总局. 2014年全民健身活动状况调查公报[R/OL].(2015-11-16)[2021-07-12].http://www.sport.gov.cn/n315/n329/c216783/content.html.
[8] 陈伟伟,高润霖,刘力生,等.《中国心血管病报告2015》概要[J].中国循环杂志,2016,31(6):521-528.
[9] 中国心血管病风险评估和管理指南编写联合委员会.中国心血管病风险评估和管理指南[J].中华预防医学杂志,2019,53(1):13-35.
[10] 武献红,时晓洁,刘柯君.阜阳市心血管疾病高危人群冠心病患病现状调查[J].华南预防医学, 2021, 47(9): 1185-1187.
[11] 张秀锦,刘宏斌.老年综合评估技术在心血管科的应用前景[J].中华保健医学杂志,2021,23(1):108-110.
[12] 韩雪玉,齐玥,赵冬,等.中国人群长期血压变化与心血管病发病风险关系的前瞻性队列研究[J].中华心血管病杂志,2018,46(9):695-700.
[13] Ishikawa Y, Ishikawa J, Ishikawa S, et al.Progression from prehypertension to hypertension and risk of cardiovascular disease[J].J Epidemiol,2017, 27(1):8-13.
[14] Redmond N, Booth JN 3rd,Tanner RM, et al. Prevalence of masked hypertension and its association with subclinical cardiovascular disease in African Americans: Results from the Jackson Heart Study[J]. J Am Heart Assoc,2016,5(3):e002284.
[15] 孔维敏,刘林,薛存屹,等.颈动脉内中膜增厚及斑块对中风和冠心病事件的影响[J].中国热带医学,2016,16(1):76-79.
[16] Yoris A, Legaz A, Abrevaya S, et al.Multicentric evidence of emotional impairments in hypertensive heart disease[J].Scientific Reports,2020,10(1):14131.
[17] 于跃,扎西宗吉,白国霞,等.西藏地区城乡居民心血管病高危人群筛查及危险因素[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2021,25(1):117-120.
[18] 郝爱丽,董斌,崔薇.大连市≥40岁中老年人群心血管疾病发病风险及其影响因素[J]. 华南预防医学,2021,47(10):1319-1321.
[19] 吴明,颜廷梅,潘磊磊,等.辽宁省心血管疾病高危人群检出率及其影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2019,35(2):139-143.
[20] 耿明凤,马淑梅.向心性肥胖与心血管疾病相关性的研究进展[J].心血管病学进展,2019,40(3):382-385.
[21] 姚晓敏,赵瑞平.乙醛脱氢酶2与心血管疾病研究进展[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2021,21(25):106-107.
[22] 吴孟娜,年士艳,叶丹,等.冠心病风险评估模型构建的进展[J].分子诊断与治疗杂志,2020,12(7):839-842,847,832.
[23] 徐巧玲,李录,彭旭东.饮食习惯和体育锻炼对心血管疾病危险因素的影响[J].中国临床保健杂志,2019,22(5):581-583.