关键词: 听力损失, 患病率, 公共卫生, 听阈值, 重金属污染

Abstract: Objective To analyze the current status of hearing loss in physical examination people aged ≥45 years old in Chongqing and its related factors, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hearing loss. Methods People aged ≥ 45 years old who underwent physical examination in a hospital in Chongqing from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected as the research objects for questionnaire survey, physical examination, blood biochemical index test and hearing test. The results were analyzed by descriptive analysis method, and the influencing factors of hearing loss were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis method. Results A total of 5 849 physical examination people aged 45 to 91 years old in Chongqing were included as the research objects. The proportion of people aged 45 to 64 years old was the highest, accounting for 45.06%, and 63.69% were male and 96.20% were Han nationality. Among them, 1 145 cases had hearing loss, and the incidence rate was 19.58%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the older age （OR=1.923）, female （OR=2.036）, smoking （OR=1.919）, drinking （OR=1.982）, history of ototoxic drug exposure （OR=7.279）, history of noise exposure （OR=3.473）, hypertension （OR=5.894） were risk factors for hearing loss in physical examination people aged ≥ 45 years old in Chongqing. Conclusion The incidence of hearing loss in physical examination people aged ≥45 years old in Chongqing is high. Different gender and age groups, bad living habits such as drinking and smoking, hypertension, ototoxic drug exposure and noise exposure may be the influencing factors of hearing loss in this area, so corresponding monitoring and intervention should be carried out.

Key words: Hearing loss, Prevalence, Public health, Hearing threshold, Heavy metal pollution