鸡西地区2~6岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍的相关影响因素研究

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2026.0661

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨2~6岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）的相关影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法抽取7个社区和7所幼儿园,最后合并名单简单随机抽样招募1 895名儿童及其家长作为调查对象。通过问卷调查收集儿童及其父母信息,评估儿童早期发育与行为特征。采用描述性流行病学分析方法对调查对象进行描述,并采用单、多因素分析方法对儿童ASD检出相关因素进行分析。结果完成调查的1 810名儿童中初步判定ASD 109例,确诊ASD 54例。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,儿童早产（OR=1.670）、母亲生育年龄≥30岁（OR=1.517）、母亲孕期伴有焦虑/抑郁（OR=1.680）、母亲有职业毒物接触史（OR=2.784）、母亲孕期经常使用电子产品（OR=2.252）、儿童每日平均看屏幕时间>2 h（OR=1.982）均是2~6岁儿童ASD的危险因素（均P<0.05）。结论儿童早产、母亲生育年龄≥30岁、母亲孕期伴有焦虑/抑郁、母亲有职业毒物接触史、母亲孕期经常使用电子产品、儿童每日平均看屏幕时间>2 h均是2~6岁儿童ASD的危险因素,应针对上述危险因素采取相应的预防和干预措施。

关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 早产, 母亲年龄, 焦虑, 抑郁, 职业暴露

Abstract: Objective To investigate the associated risk factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children aged 2 to 6 years. Methods A multi-stage, stratified, cluster random sampling method was employed to select participants from seven communities and seven kindergartens. A final cohort of 1 895 children and their parents was recruited through simple random sampling from the combined lists. Data on the children and their parents, as well as early developmental and behavioral characteristics of the children, were collected via questionnaires. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was utilized to characterize the study population. Univariate and multivariate analyses were subsequently conducted to identify factors associated with the detection of ASD. Results Among the 1 810 children who completed the survey, 109 were preliminarily identified with ASD, of whom 54 received a definitive diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that several factors were significantly associated with an increased risk of ASD in children aged 2 to 6 years (all P<0.05). These risk factors included preterm birth (OR=1.670), maternal age at childbirth ≥30 years (OR=1.517), maternal anxiety and/or depression during pregnancy (OR=1.680), maternal history of occupational exposure to toxic substances (OR=2.784), frequent maternal use of electronic devices during pregnancy (OR=2.252), and average daily screen time of the child exceeding 2 hours (OR=1.982). Conclusion Preterm birth, advanced maternal age (≥30 years), maternal perinatal anxiety or depression, maternal occupational toxicant exposure, frequent maternal use of electronic devices during gestation, and excessive daily screen time (>2 hours) in early childhood are significant risk factors for ASD in children aged 2 to 6 years. These findings underscore the importance of developing targeted preventive and intervention strategies addressing these modifiable risk factors.

Key words: Autism spectrum disorder, Premature birth, Maternal age, Anxiety, Depression, Occupational exposure

中图分类号:

R179

李丽, 蔡英君, 朱维维. 鸡西地区2~6岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍的相关影响因素研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2026, 52(6): 661-666.

Li Li, Cai Yingjun, Zhu Weiwei. Factors associated with autism spectrum disorder in children aged 2-6 years in Jixi[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2026, 52(6): 661-666.

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