南平市6~14岁支气管哮喘儿童家庭因素调查和健康教育管理效果研究

doi:10.13217/j.scjpm.2019.0405

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析南平市6~14岁支气管哮喘儿童家庭因素对支气管哮喘发病的影响,并研究健康教育管理效果。方法以2017年1—12月在福建省南平市某医院就诊的全部支气管哮喘患儿为病例组,随机选择同时期在同医院进行健康体检的非支气管哮喘儿童为对照组,对2组儿童进行家庭因素对支气管哮喘影响的问卷调查,并对病例组儿童进行教育管理,比较病例组儿童在6个月的健康教育管理前后的自我管理量表评分、哮喘控制测试（ACT）评分以及肺功能指标变化情况。结果本研究共纳入支气管哮喘儿童（病例组）1 000例,健康体检非哮喘儿童（对照组）500人,病例组男童654例,女童346例,年龄6~14岁,平均（8.44 ± 1.43）岁,病程6个月至7年,平均（5.41 ± 1.37）年。对照组男童314人,女童186人,年龄6~14岁,平均（5.31 ± 1.06）岁,2组儿童的性别构成和年龄差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。被动吸烟（OR=16.494）、非呼吸系统的过敏体质（OR=10.425）、家族哮喘史（OR=3.548）、家里饲养带毛宠物（OR=1.361）的儿童患支气管哮喘的风险较高。6个月的健康教育管理后,病例组儿童自我管理量表各项评分及总分、ACT、一秒用力呼气容积、呼气峰值流速均高于干预前（均P<0.01）。结论家族哮喘史、非呼吸系统的过敏体质、家里饲养带毛宠物、被动吸烟是儿童支气管哮喘发生的危险因素,健康教育管理可明显提高患儿的自我管理能力,并改善临床症状。

关键词: 支气管哮喘, 家庭因素, 教育管理, 影响因素, 儿童

Abstract: Objective To explore influencing factors of family and evaluate the efficacy of health education management on 6-14-year-old children with bronchial asthma in Nanping.Methods All the children with bronchial asthma who were treated at a hospital in Nanping City, Fujian Province from January to December 2017 were selected as the case group. Children who were in the same hospital for health checkup without bronchial asthma at the same time were randomly selected as the control group. Questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate effects of family factors on bronchial asthma in the two groups. The management of health education for the children in the case group was carried out. The self-administration scale score, the asthma control test （ACT） score and the changes of lung function indexes of the children in the case group were compared before and after the 6-month health education management.Results The study included 1 000 children with bronchial asthma （case group） and 500 healthy non-asthmatic children （control group）. There were 654 boys and 346 girls in the case group, aged 6-14 years, with an average age of （8.44 ± 1.43） years. The course of disease ranged from 6 months to 7 years, with average of （5.41 ± 1.37） years. There were 314 boys and 186 girls in the control group, aged 6-14 years, with an average age of （5.31 ± 1.06） years. There was no significant difference in gender and age between the two groups （P>0.05）. Children with passive smoking （OR=16.494）, non-respiratory allergies （OR=10.425）, family history of asthma （OR=3.548）, and raising furry pets at home （OR=1.361） had a higher risk of bronchial asthma. After 6 months of health education management, the children's self-management scale and total scores, ACT, FEV₁, and PEF were higher than those before the intervention （P<0.01 for all）.Conclusion Family history of asthma, non-respiratory allergies, raising pets at home, and passive smoking are risk factors for bronchial asthma in children. Management of health education can significantly improve the self-management ability of children and improve clinical symptoms.

Key words: Bronchial asthma, Family factors, Education management, Influencing factors, Children

中图分类号:

R179

游爱萍. 南平市6~14岁支气管哮喘儿童家庭因素调查和健康教育管理效果研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2019, 45(5): 405-409.

YOU Ai-ping. Family factors and health education management of 6-14-year-old children with bronchial asthma in Nanping[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 45(5): 405-409.

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