郑州市金水区入园体检儿童早期发展落后及影响因素研究

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2022.0007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨郑州市金水区入园体检儿童早期发展落后情况及相关影响因素,为促进儿童早期发展水平提升提供参考依据。方法以2021年4—6月在郑州市某医院进行入园体检的金水区学龄前儿童作为研究对象,通过婴幼儿智能发育量表（CDCC）测试及问卷调查儿童的智力发育指数（MDI）、运动发育指数（PDI）及相关资料,采用描述性流行病学分析方法对儿童早期发展情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对早期发展影响因素进行分析。结果纳入4 149名郑州市金水区入园体检儿童,男童2 117名,女童2 032名。年龄2岁1 058名,3岁3 091名。早期发展落后儿童共计406例,落后率为9.79%。多因素分析结果显示,父母一方文化程度越高（OR=0.581）、主要照顾者为祖父母（OR=1.919）或其他人（OR=2.729）、家庭类型为非独子（OR=0.493）、每日读书时间越长（OR=0.240）、每日睡眠时间长（OR=0.540）、每日户外活动时间长（OR=0.670）是郑州市金水区入园体检儿童早期发展落后的影响因素。结论部分郑州市金水区入园体检儿童早期发展落后,其发生受到多因素影响,可以针对影响因素加强宣传教育工作,提高家长科学育儿的能力,改善家庭养育环境,提升儿童早期发展水平。

关键词: 智力发育, 运动发育, 儿童, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To study the backwardness in early development and its influencing factors of physical examination for entering kindergartens of children in Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, and to provide reference information for promoting the early development of children. Methods Preschoolers in Jinshui District who underwent physical examination for entering kindergartens in a hospital in Zhengzhou from April to June 2021 were selected as the subjects, the mental development index （MDI） and psychomotor development index （PDI） of the subjects were tested by the Children’s Developmental Center of China （CDCC）. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the early development of children, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of early development. Results A total of 4 149 physical examination children in Jinshui District, Zhengzhou were included, including 2 117 boys and 2 032 girls; 1 058 were 2 years old and 3 091 were 3 years old. Among them, 406 children were backward in early development, with a backward rate of 9.79%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the higher the education level of one parent （OR=0.581）, the main caregivers were grandparents （OR=1.919） or others （OR=2.729）, the non-single-child （OR=0.493）, the longer the daily reading time （OR=0.240）, long daily sleep time （OR=0.540）, and long daily outdoor activities （OR=0.670） were the influencing factors of backwardness in early development of physical examination for entering kindergartens of children in Jinshui District, Zhengzhou. Conclusion The early development of some children in Jinshui District, Zhengzhou is backward, and its occurrence is affected by many factors. We can strengthen publicity and education work according to the influencing factors, improve parents’ scientific parenting ability, improve family parenting environment, and improve the level of early development of children.

Key words: Mental development, Psychomotor development, Children, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R179

王晶晶, 谢静, 刘灿, 赵亚, 冉丽霞. 郑州市金水区入园体检儿童早期发展落后及影响因素研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2022, 48(1): 7-10.

WANG Jing-jing, XIE Jing, LIU Can, ZHAO Ya, RAN Li-xia. Backwardness in early development and its influencing factors of physical examination for entering kindergartens of children in Jinshui District, Zhengzhou[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 48(1): 7-10.

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