广州地区≥60岁老年人群认知障碍患病情况及其影响因素分析

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2024.0696

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨广州地区≥60岁老年人群认知障碍患病情况,并对相关的影响因素进行分析。方法于2023年1—12月采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取广州市3个辖区,每个辖区抽取8个社区卫生服务中心作为调查点,从调查点抽取社区≥60岁老年人群作为调查对象,对其进行认知功能评定及问卷调查。采用描述流行病学分析方法分析老年人群认知障碍患病情况,并采用单、多因素分析方法对老年人群认知障碍患病影响因素进行分析。结果共对2 420名广州市老年人群调查结果进行分析,男性占比43.35%、女性占比56.65%;年龄以60~79岁为主,占比87.02%;受教育程度以高中以下为主,占比85.62%。292例老年人被评估为认知障碍,占比12.07%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,≥70岁（OR=1.476、3.574）、家庭人均月收入<3 000元（OR=1.515）、饮酒（OR=1.589）、不同类型药物联合应用（OR=2.606）均是影响≥60岁老年人群认知障碍患病的危险因素,受教育程度初中及以上（OR=0.268、0.372）、社会经济地位高（OR=0.324）则是保护因素。结论广州地区≥60岁老年人群认知障碍患病率较高,其中高龄、饮酒、社会经济地位不高、不同类型药物联合应用是影响认知障碍患病的危险因素。

关键词: 老年人, 认知障碍, 患病, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly aged≥60 years in Guangzhou,and analyze the related influencing factors. Methods From January to December 2023,3 districts of Guangzhou were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method,and 8 community health service centers in each district were selected as survey sites. The elderly people aged ≥60 years old were selected from the survey sites to conduct cognitive function assessment and questionnaire survey. The descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly,and univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results A total of 2 420 elderly residents in Guangzhou were surveyed using an effective questionnaire,with males accounting for 43.35% and females accounting for 56.65%. The age range was mainly from 60 to 79 years old,accounting for 87.02%. The education level was mainly below high school,accounting for 85.62%. There were 292 elderly people assessed as cognitive impairment,accounting for 12.07%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ≥70 years old （OR =1.665,3.471）,per capita monthly family income < 3 000 yuan （OR =1.859）,drinking （OR =1.690）,combined use of different types of drugs （OR =2.661） were risk factors affecting cognitive impairment in elderly aged ≥60 years. Education level of junior high school or above（OR=0.268,0.372） and high socio-economic status（OR=0.324） was a protective factor. Conclusions The prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly aged ≥60 years in Guangzhou was high. Advanced age,drinking,low and education level socio-economic status,and combined use of different types of drugs are risk factors affecting cognitive impairment.

Key words: Elderly, Cognitive impairment, Prevalence, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R195

张彩云, 高峰, 钟艳云, 易文华. 广州地区≥60岁老年人群认知障碍患病情况及其影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2024, 50(8): 696-700.

ZHANG Caiyun, GAO feng, ZHONG Yanyun, YI Wenhua. Prevalence and influencing factors of cognitive impairment in the elderly aged ≥60 years in Guangzhou[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2024, 50(8): 696-700.

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