中山市老年人阿尔茨海默病筛查结果及影响因素分析

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2025.0005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的研究中山市老年人阿尔茨海默病筛查阳性情况及其相关影响因素,为采取针对性的预防措施提供理论依据。方法 2019年7—10月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取中山市2个镇街≥60岁老年人,开展问卷调查,采用χ²检验、多因素logistic回归模型分析老年人阿尔茨海默病患病的影响因素。结果有效调查1 858人,平均（69.3±6.6）岁,男性727人（39.1%）,女性1 131人（60.9%）;阿尔茨海默病筛查阳性291例,阳性率为15.7%;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女性（OR=1.509）、年龄增加（80~89岁OR=2.540）、丧偶（OR=1.470）、现在每天日常有工作（做家务OR=0.486;帮子女带小孩OR=0.466;休闲活动OR=0.530）、独居（OR=1.796）、不与邻居交往（OR=1.519）、手机使用（在用智能手机OR=0.593;在用普通手机OR=2.295）、不读书或看报（OR=1.717）、失聪/听力下降（OR=2.700）是阿尔茨海默病的影响因素（均P<0.05）。结论中山市老年人阿尔茨海默病初筛阳性率高于全国调查水平,针对每天日常工作、邻居交往情况、手机使用、读书或看报、失聪/听力下降这些可改变的独立危险因素,采取措施进行早期干预和治疗,鼓励和增加老年人社会活动,提高或维持认知水平,提高听力水平,从而降低阿尔茨海默病的患病水平。

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病, 筛查, 阳性率, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the screening status and influencing factors of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the elderly in Zhongshan City, and to provide a theoretical basis for implementing targeted preventive measures. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used from July to October 2019 to select individuals aged ≥60 years from 2 towns/streets in Zhongshan City for a questionnaire survey. The influencing factors of AD in the elderly were analyzed using Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression model. Results A total of 1 858 subjects with an average age of (69.3±6.6) years were investigated, including 727 males (39.1%) and 1 131 females (60.9%). The positive rate of screening for AD was 15.7% (291 cases). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that being female (OR=1.509), increasing age (80-89 years old OR=2.540), widowhood (OR=1.470), daily work every day (engaging in housework OR=0.486, assisting children with childcare OR=0.466, participating in leisure activities OR=0.530), living alone (OR=1.796), lack of socialization with neighbors (OR=1.519), mobile phone use (using smart phones OR=0.593, using regular mobile phones OR=2.295), not reading books or newspapers (OR=1.717), deafness/hearing loss (OR =2.700) were influencing factors for AD. Conclusions The primary screening positive rate for AD among the elderly in Zhongshan City is higher than the national survey level. Based on independent influencing factors such as daily work, neighbor communication,mobile phone use, reading books or newspapers, and deafness/hearing loss which can be modified, early intervention measures should be implemented to encourage increased social activities among the elderly, improve or maintain cognitive function, and enhance hearing ability so as to reduce incidence of AD.

Key words: Alzheimer's disease, Screening, Positive rate, Influencing factors

中图分类号:

R195

黄锦善, 郑迎燕, 陈洁, 王纪超, 邓少娜. 中山市老年人阿尔茨海默病筛查结果及影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(1): 5-9.

HUANG Jinshan, ZHENG Yingyan, CHEN Jie, WANG Jichao, DENG Shaona. Screening results and influencing factors of Alzheimer's disease in the elderly in Zhongshan City[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2025, 51(1): 5-9.

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