华南预防医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 1066-1070.doi: 10.12183/j.scjpm.2025.1066

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于MaxEnt模型的和田地区肺结核疫情环境因素评估及风险区域预测

周培瑶1, 努尔比耶·约麦尔2, 李菲菲1, 依里帕·依力哈木1, 郑彦玲3, 张利萍3   

  1. 1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017;
    2.新疆和田地区疾病预防控制中心;
    3.新疆医科大学医学工程技术学院
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-30 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-11-14
  • 通讯作者: 张利萍,E-mail:zhanglp1219@163.com
  • 作者简介:周培瑶(1999—),女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为流行病与卫生统计学
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72163033,72064036,72174175); 新疆维吾尔族自治区自然科学基金(2022D01C473)

Environmental factor assessment and risk region prediction of pulmonary tuberculosis in Hotan Region based on MaxEnt model

ZHOU Peiyao1, NUERBIYE Yuemaier2, LI Feifei1, YILIPA Yilihamu1, ZHENG Yanling3, ZHANG Liping3   

  1. 1. School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China;
    2. Hotan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xinjiang;
    3. College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University
  • Received:2024-10-30 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-11-14

摘要: 目的 基于MaxEnt模型(Maximum Entropy Model)探讨影响新疆和田地区肺结核发病的环境因素并预测高风险地区,为和田地区肺结核精准防控提供依据。方法 采集和田地区2015—2021年肺结核报告发病情况、新发病例分布经纬度坐标及所在区域相关环境变量,基于MaxEnt模型及最大熵算法构建和田地区肺结核疫情传播风险预测模型,估计相关环境变量重要性,识别和田地区肺结核病传播高风险区域。结果 2015—2021年和田地区共报告肺结核新发病例47 291例,2018年发病率出现一个小高峰,随后呈现逐年下降趋势。从地区分布来看,墨玉县报告病例8 906例(占18.8%),于田县8 274例(占17.4%),是和田地区发病人数位居前2位的区域;MaxEnt模型结果显示,影响和田地区肺结核分布且贡献性最大的3个环境变量分别为植被覆盖率(fractional vegetation cover,FVC)、年平均温度(annual average temperature,TEM)、年度归一化植被指数(normalized differnce vegetation index,NDVI),贡献值分别为73.9%、13.0%、6.9%。和田市、墨玉县、洛浦县、于田县、策勒县为发病高风险地区,平均风险值分别为0.604 302、0.033 288、0.031 097、0.027 203、0.025 629。结论 和田地区肺结核疫情受多方面因素影响,着眼经济和气候条件方面,低收入人群和高温高湿是肺结核发病的危险因素。高风险地区主要集中在和田地区中西部。

关键词: 肺结核, MaxEnt模型, 环境因素, 传播风险

Abstract: Objective To explore the environmental factors affecting the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in the Hotan region based on MaxEnt model, and to predict areas of elevated risk, thereby providing a scientific basis for precise prevention and control of PTB in Hotan. Methods The incidence of PTB reported in Hotan from 2015 to 2021, the geographic coordinates of newly diagnosed cases, and relevant environmental variables in Hotan were collected. The risk prediction model for PTB transmission was constructed based on the MaxEnt modeling framework and maximum entropy algorithms. The relative importance of environmental variables was assessed to identify high-risk areas for PTB transmission within the region. Results From 2015 to 2021, a total of 47 291 new PTB were reported in Hotan. Incidence rates peaked slightly in 2018 before exhibiting a sustained annual decline. Spatially, Moyu County (8 906 cases, 18.8%) and Yutian County (8 274 cases, 17.4%) reported the highest case counts. According to the MaxEnt model output, the three environmental variables contributing most significantly to the spatial distribution of PTB were fractional vegetation cover (FVC, 73.9%), annual average temperature (TEM, 13.0%), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI, 6.9%). Hotan City, Moyu County, Luopu County, Yutian County, and Cele County were identified as high-risk areas, with mean risk values of 0.604 302, 0.033 288, 0.031 097, 0.027 203, and 0.025 629, respectively. Conclusions The PTB epidemic in Hotan is multifactorially determined, with economic and climatic factors—specifically, low income and high temperature and humidity—constituting key risk factors for disease incidence. High-risk zones are primarily concentrated in the central and western subregions of Hotan.

Key words: Pulmonary tuberculosis, MaxEnt model, Environmental factors, Transmission risk

中图分类号: 

  • R183.3