六安市四类重点人群职业健康素养水平及影响因素

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2026.0138

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析六安市四类重点人群职业健康素养水平及影响因素,为制定职业健康素养干预政策提供依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样方法,于2022—2024年共抽取六安市辖区内四类重点人群33家用人单位一线工人进行网络问卷调查;调查内容包括人口学信息、职业健康素养状况等,采用logistic回归分析模型和列线图预测模型分析影响因素。结果六安市四类重点人群职业健康素养调查覆盖33家企业1 087名一线劳动者,男性居多（76.54%）,平均年龄（38.55±10.25）岁,以非金属矿采选业（69.73%）、小微型企业（44.89%）、民营企业（55.29%）为主。1 087名劳动者的职业健康素养总体水平为52.53%。四个维度职业健康素养水平从高到低分别为职业健康保护基本知识（89.97%）,健康工作方式和行为（72.95%）、职业健康法律知识（59.25%）、职业健康保护基本技能（28.15%）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,行业分类、经济类型、年龄和文化程度是六安市四类重点人群职业健康素养总体水平的影响因素。纺织服装、服饰业（OR=0.126）和非金属矿物制品业（OR=0.253）低于非金属矿采选业,民营企业低于国有企业（OR=0.542）;≥50岁组低于<30岁组（OR=0.541）;大专及以上文化程度者显著高于小学及以下文化程度者（OR=3.576）（均P<0.05）。通过列线图预测模型显示,行业分类和文化程度对职业健康素养总体水平影响最为显著。结论六安市四类重点人群职业健康素养总体水平仍存在较大提升空间,需对职业健康保护基本技能和职业健康法律知识开展针对性培训,干预重点应聚焦纺织服装、服饰业、低学历水平劳动者并制定精准化、差异化的干预策略。

关键词: 重点人群, 职业健康素养, 影响因素, 干预策略

Abstract: Objective To analyze the level of occupational health literacy and its determinants among four key occupational populations in Lu'an City, thereby providing an evidentiary basis for the formulation of targeted intervention policies. Methods A stratified, multi-stage cluster random sampling method was employed between 2022 and 2024 to survey frontline workers from 33 enterprises representing four key populations in Lu'an City. Data on demographic information and occupational health literacy were collected via an online questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis and a nomogram prediction model were utilized to identify influencing factors. Results The survey covered 1 087 frontline workers, who were predominantly male (76.54%) with a mean age of 38.55 ± 10.25 years. Participants were mainly from the non-metallic mineral mining and dressing industry (69.73%), small and micro-sized enterprises (44.89%), and private enterprises (55.29%). The overall occupational health literacy level was 52.53%. Literacy levels for the four dimensions, ranked from highest to lowest, were: basic knowledge of occupational health protection (89.97%), healthy work practices and behaviors (72.95%), knowledge of occupational health laws (59.25%), and basic skills for occupational health protection (28.15%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that industry category, economic ownership type, age, and educational attainment were significant determinants of overall occupational health literacy. Workers in the textile and apparel industry (OR=0.126) and the non-metallic mineral products industry (OR=0.253) had lower literacy levels compared to those in the non-metallic mineral mining and dressing industry. Private enterprise employees showed lower literacy than their counterparts in state-owned enterprises (OR=0.542). The ≥50 years age group had lower literacy than the <30 years age group (OR=0.541). Individuals with a college degree or higher had significantly greater literacy than those with a primary school education or below (OR=3.576) (all P<0.05). The nomogram model revealed that industry category and educational attainment were the most significant predictors of overall occupational health literacy. Conclusion The overall level of occupational health literacy among the four key populations in Lu'an City requires substantial improvement. Interventions should prioritize targeted training on basic occupational health protection skills and legal knowledge. These efforts should specifically focus on workers in the textile and apparel industry and individuals with lower educational levels, employing precise and differentiated strategies.

Key words: Key populations, Occupational health literacy, Influencing factors, Intervention strategies

中图分类号:

R135

程婷婷, 黄瑞, 唐昆, 刘磊. 六安市四类重点人群职业健康素养水平及影响因素[J]. 华南预防医学, 2026, 52(2): 138-143.

Cheng TingTing, Huang Rui, Tang Kun, Liu Lei. Occupational health literacy levels and influencing factors among four key populations in Lu'an[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2026, 52(2): 138-143.

参考文献

[1] 国务院. “健康中国2030”规划纲要[EB/OL]. (2016-10-25)[2025-02-28]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-10/25/content_5124174.htm.
[2] 健康中国行动推进委员会. 健康中国行动(2019—2030年)[EB/OL]. (2019-07-09)[2025-02-28]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-07/15/content_5409694.htm.
[3] 国家卫生健康委. 关于印发国家职业病防治规划(2021—2025年)的通知: 国卫职健发〔2021〕39号[EB/OL]. (2021-12-07)[2025-02-28]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-12/18/content_5661756.htm.
[4] 李霜, 孙彦彦, 孙新. 2022年全国重点人群职业健康素养监测技术方案介绍[J]. 中国职业医学, 2023, 50(2): 189-193.
[5] 国家卫生健康委. 2022年全国重点人群职业健康素养水平为52.6%[EB/OL].(2023-06-20)[2025-08-28]. https://www.nhc.gov.cn/zyjks/c100152/202306/cdd1053d892b42eebd229646643c01e3.shtml.
[6] 国家卫生健康委员会, 国家统计局. 中国居民及重点人群健康素养监测统计调查制度[EB/OL]. (2022-03-03)[2025-02-28]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/fw/bmdcxmsp/bmzd/202302/t20230215_1907197.html.
[7] 中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所. 关于印发《2022年重点人群职业健康素养水平计算标准》的通知(中疾控职科便函[2023] 5号)[Z]. 北京: 中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所, 2023.
[8] 王瑾, 李霜, 孙彦彦, 等. 我国第二产业重点人群职业健康素养水平及影响因素分析[J]. 工业卫生与职业病, 2024, 50(2): 97-102, 113.
[9] 谢巧妹, 胡琼, 胡迅嘉, 等. 安徽省十大重点行业人群职业健康素养水平及影响因素分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2025, 43(1): 31-36.
[10] 赵宏诚, 潘引君, 刘晓晓, 等. 上海市青浦区两个重点行业劳动者职业健康素养水平调查[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2024, 42(2): 222-226.
[11] 付文娟, 戴霞云, 沈洪春, 等. 武汉市第二产业6个行业重点人群职业健康素养水平及其影响因素[J]. 职业与健康, 2024, 40(15): 1-5.
[12] Karasu E, Karasu L, Unalan D.Occupational health literacy and affecting factors on healthcare workers[J]. Occup Med (Lond), 2025, 75(2): 121-127.
[13] Naicker N, Pega F, Rees D, et al.Health services use and health outcomes among informal economy workers compared with formal economy workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021, 18(6): 3189.
[14] 沙磊, 刘海琴, 宋琳萍, 等. 南通市企业劳动者职业健康素养水平及其影响因素研究[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2025, 43(1): 37-40.
[15] 赵露, 李燕, 刘军, 等. 宜昌市4个重点行业劳动者职业健康素养研究[J].职业卫生与应急救援, 2024, 42(2): 227-231
[16] 甘霖, 邱静. 2023年南充市第二产业接害工人职业健康素养现状及其影响因素分析[J]. 预防医学情报杂志, 2024, 40(10): 1268-1274.
[17] 何文蕾, 杨军红, 贺瑶瑶, 等. 贵州省2022年职业人群职业健康素养水平与影响因素分析[J]. 中国职业医学, 2023, 50(4): 394-398, 404.
[18] 张俊梅, 杨媛媛, 陆一鸣, 等. 甘肃省五类职业人群健康素养水平及影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(1): 68-72.
[19] Pejtersen JH, Holt H.Literacy and risk of occupational injury[J]. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 2022, 95(10): 1971-1978.
[20] 杨梦迪, 赵芳红, 王如刚, 等. 北京市小微企业职业健康素养调查及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国工业医学杂志, 2025, 38(2): 195-199.
[21] 曾垂焕, 曾靖雯, 柯宗枝. 2022年福建省第二产业4类行业职业人群健康素养水平及影响因素分析[J]. 预防医学论坛, 2023, 29(12): 924-928.
[22] 孙彦彦, 孙新, 万霞, 等. 我国2022年重点人群职业健康素养水平及其影响因素[J]. 中国职业医学, 2023, 50(3): 241-247.
[23] Friedrich J, Rupp M, Feng YS, et al.Occupational health literacy and work ability: A moderation analysis including interpersonal and organizational factors in healthy organizations[J]. Front Public Health, 2024, 12(7): 1243.
[24] Lindert L, Choi KA, Pfaff H, et al.Health literacy at work-individual and organizational health literacy, health supporting leadership and employee wellbeing[J]. BMC Health Serv Res, 2023, 23(1): 736.