基于健康生态学的皖西地区成年居民“三高”患病影响因素研究

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2026.0535

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的以健康生态学模型为基础,分层次分析皖西地区居民高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病现状及影响因素,为慢性病防治和管理研究提供参考。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,对皖西地区4县区18岁以上居民进行健康调查。采用χ²检验和二元logistic回归分析“三高”的影响因素。结果纳入研究对象2 930人,男女性别比为1∶1.45;平均年龄（55.55±15.89）岁,>45岁人群占65.73%;高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的患病率分别为46.55%（1 364例）、11.50%（337例）、33.34%（977例）;回归分析显示,模型1到模型5每递进一层影响因素,模型的拟合度逐步提高,其中45~<60岁（OR=1.989）和≥60岁（OR=4.667）、BMI为超重（OR=1.739）和肥胖（OR=2.946）、中心性肥胖（OR=1.834）、有午休习惯（OR=1.223）、健康自评一般（OR=1.455）和较差（OR=1.836）、大专以上学历（OR=1.550）等人群患“三高”风险高,女性（OR=0.557）、低体重（OR=0.524）、已婚或同居（OR=0.642）、居住地为农村（OR=0.783）、有医疗保险（OR=0.224）是预防“三高”的保护性因素。结论皖西地区居民“三高”的患病率较高,影响因素具有多层次性、多维度性且相互关系复杂,应从不同层面加强“三高”的预防与管理。

关键词: 健康生态学, 高血压, 糖尿病, 血脂异常, 患病, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective This study, grounded in the health ecology model, aims to hierarchically analyze the prevalence and determinants of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among residents of the Western Anhui region, thereby providing a reference for the research on the prevention, control, and management of chronic diseases. Method A multistage sampling methodology was employed to conduct a health survey among residents aged 18 and older across four counties in the Western Anhui region. The χ² test and binary logistic regression analysis were utilized to examine the determinants of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Results A total of 2 930 subjects were included in the study, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶1.45. The mean age of the cohort was (55.55 ± 15.89) years, with 65.73% of participants aged over 45 years. The prevalence rates for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were 46.55% (n=1 364), 11.50% (n=337), and 33.34% (n=977), respectively. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed a progressive improvement in the model's goodness-of-fit with the sequential addition of influencing factors across five models. Factors associated with an increased risk for these three conditions included being in the 45 to <60 age group (OR=1.989) or the ≥60 age group (OR=4.667), having a BMI classified as overweight (OR=1.739) or obese (OR=2.946), presenting with central obesity (OR=1.834), having a midday napping habit (OR=1.223), reporting fair (OR=1.455) or poor (OR=1.836) self-rated health, and possessing a college-level education or higher (OR=1.550). Conversely, being female (OR=0.557), having a BMI classified as underweight (OR=0.524), being married or cohabiting (OR=0.642), residing in a rural area (OR=0.783), and having medical insurance (OR=0.224) were identified as significant protective factors. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia is notably high in the Western Anhui region. The determinants of these conditions are multi-level, multi-dimensional, and intricately interrelated. It is therefore imperative to strengthen prevention and management strategies for these cardiometabolic diseases across multiple ecological levels.

Key words: Health ecology, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Morbidity, Risk factors

中图分类号:

R195.4

马立国, 汪军, 曹洪娟, 杨万水. 基于健康生态学的皖西地区成年居民“三高”患病影响因素研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2026, 52(5): 535-539.

Ma Liguo, Wang Jun, Cao Hongjuan, Yang Wanshui. Determinants of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among adult residents in Western Anhui from a health ecology perspective[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2026, 52(5): 535-539.

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